危机时刻的词学批评——现代词学发展史中的民族国家话语

Nation State Discourse in the Development History of Modern Ci Studies

20世纪前半叶,身处民族危机时刻的中国学人,努力建构起想象性的文学传统,以唤醒民众的民族国家认同感,在此一历史语境中,词学的社会政治功能也被不断地激发和征用。在国难之际,现代词学家赋予词体政治表达的现代意涵,从“依经论词”到振兴国族,实现了词体功能论的现代转向。他们通过鼓吹稼轩词风、宣扬爱国词人、撰述民族词史和编录民族词选等多种方式,强化中国古典词史中所蕴蓄的“民族国家”精神。由此而言,承载着民族国家话语的现代词学成为抗战文学的重要一极,也促使着其自身理论话语的现代转型,理应被视为中国现代文论发展史中不可或缺的一环。

In the first half of the 20th century, Chinese scholars at the time of national crisis made great efforts to construct imaginative literary traditions to awaken people’s sense of national identity. In this historical context, the social and political function of Ci studies has been constantly stimulated and expropriated. At the time of national disaster, modern scholars gave the modern connotation to Ci political expression, from “discussion on Ci according to the classics” to the revitalization of the nation, and realized the modern turn of Ci functional theory. They strengthened the spirit of “nation-state” embedded in the history of Chinese classical Ci by advocating Jiaxuan Ci style, publicizing patriotic poets, writing national Ci history and compiling national Ci anthologies. Therefore, modern Ci studies, carrying the discourse of the nation-state, has become an important pole of anti-Japanese war literature and contributed to the modern transformation of its own theoretical discourse. It should be regarded as an indispensable part in the development history of modern Chinese literary theory.