论清代雍乾时期四川粮食运销

Sichuan's Grain Distribution and Marketing during the Yongzheng and Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty

通过对清代雍乾时期四川粮食运销的区域范围、运销方式、交通运输和市场格局等问题的考察,可以发现这一时期四川已成为国内粮食生产大省和重要的商品粮生产基地,不仅本省供应充足,而且有大量剩余供政府调拨、采买以及商民贩卖,表明清初在四川颁布实施的政策取得了良好成效。同时,雍乾时期四川粮食运销之兴盛是建立在本省粮食供给有余、外部市场又有需求这样的条件之上的。嘉道以后,随着人口的增长和人地矛盾的日益突出,四川开始由余粮省渐变为缺粮省,粮食外销逐渐减少,几至断绝。随着粮食商品化前提的渐渐消失,四川粮食商品化与市场化水平遂呈愈益降低之态势。四川粮食商品化发展的这种局限性,引人深思。

Through the investigation of the regional scope,distribution mode,transportation and market pattern of Sichuan's grain distribution and marketing during the Yongzheng and Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty,it can be found that Sichuan has become a major domestic grain production province and an important commercial grain production base during this period,due to its sufficient supply and large surplus for government allocation,procurement,and merchant trafficking,as a result of the policies promulgated and implemented in Sichuan in the early Qing Dynasty.At the same time,the prosperity of grain distribution and marketing in Sichuan during the Yongzheng and Qianlong period was based on the surplus grain supply in the province and great demand in the external market.After Jiaqing and Daoguang period,with the growth of population and the increasingly prominent contradiction between population and cultivated land,Sichuan's grain production gradually changed from surplus to shortage,and grain export gradually decreased to none.With the gradual disappearance of the premise of grain commercialization,the level of grain commercialization and marketization in Sichuan decreased,which shows the thought-provoking limitation of Sichuan's grain commercialization development.