安徽省2018—2020年孕妇碘营养水平监测与分析

Analysis of iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in Anhui Province from 2018 to 2020

目的 通过对安徽省2018—2020年孕妇碘营养情况监测,掌握孕期妇女的碘营养水平,为引导孕妇科学补碘,满足碘营养需求提供依据。方法 采集2018—2020年6个省级监测点的妊娠早期、中期、晚期孕妇家庭食用盐和尿液,采用碘盐滴定法和尿碘的砷铈催化分光光度测定方法分别测定盐碘和尿碘含量。结果 共调查1 803名孕妇,平均年龄为(28.7±5.0)岁,平均孕龄为(23.7±9.5)周,其中孕早、中、晚期分别有361人(占20.0%)、748人(占41.5%)和694人(占38.5%)。共采集孕妇家庭食盐1 796份,其中非碘盐164份,不合格碘盐61份,采集到孕妇尿样1 791份,尿碘中位数为154.4μg/L, 869名(占48.5%)孕妇尿碘含量<150μg/L。不同年度碘盐覆盖率(χ^(2)=68.563,P<0.001)、合格碘盐食用率(χ^(2)=43.057,P<0.001)、孕妇家庭盐碘的中位数(H=88.639,P<0.001)、孕妇尿碘中位数(H=73.796,P<0.001)、尿碘频数分布(χ^(2)=105.052,P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义。6个监测点孕早期、中期、晚期的监察对象尿碘中位数分别为153.4μg/L、161.3μg/L和145.0μg/L。不同孕期的尿碘中位数比较差异无统计学意义(H=2.992,P=0.224)。不同孕期的尿碘频数分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.365,P=0.043),孕晚期尿碘<150μg/L的比例显著高于孕早期和孕中期。结论 2018—2020年孕妇食用非碘盐率逐年上升,孕妇碘营养水平总体处于适宜水平,部分孕妇碘营养不足、孕晚期碘不足比例较高。

Objective To monitor the iodine nutrition of pregnant women in Anhui Province from 2018 to 2020, and to master the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women, so as to provide a basis for guiding scientific iodine supplement and improving the overall iodine nutrition level of pregnant women, so as to consolidate the elimination of iodine deficiency disease.Methods The household edible salt and urine of pregnant women in the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy at 6 provincial monitoring points from 2018 to 2020 were collected, and the contents of salt iodine and urine iodine were determined by iodized salt titration and arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometric determination of urine iodine.Results A total of 1 803 pregnant women were investigated. The mean age was(28. 7±5. 0) years old and the mean gestational age was(23. 7±9. 5) weeks. Among them, 361(20. 0%), 748(41. 5%) and 694(38. 5%) were pregnant in the early, middle and late stages, respectively. A total of 1 796 household salt samples were collected from pregnant women, including 164 non-iodized salt and 61 unqualified iodized salt. 1 791 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, the median of urinary iodine was 154. 4 μg/L, 869 pregnant women(48. 5%) had urinary iodine value <150 μg/L. There were statistically significant differences in iodized salt coverage(χ^(2) = 68. 563, P<0. 001), qualified iodized salt consumption rate(χ^(2) = 43. 057,P<0. 001), median salt iodine of pregnant women(H= 88. 639,P<0. 001), median urinary iodine of pregnant women(H=73. 796,P<0. 001), and urinary iodine frequency distribution(χ^(2) = 105. 052, P<0. 001) in different years. The median urinary iodine of the monitored subjects in the early, middle and late pregnancy at the six monitoring points was 153. 4 μg/L,161. 3 μg/L and 145. 0 μg/L. There was no significant difference in the median urinary iodine in different pregnancy periods(H= 2. 992,P= 0. 224). The distribution of urinary iodine frequency in different pregnancy periods was statistically significant(χ^(2) = 15. 365, P= 0. 043). Conclusion From 2018 to 2020, the rate of non iodized salt consumption by pregnant women has increased year by year, and the iodine nutrition level of pregnant women is generally at a suitable level. Some pregnant women have a high proportion of iodine nutrition deficiency and iodine deficiency in the third trimester.