数字藏品版权的功能、困境与治理

Functions, Difficulties and Governance of Copyright of Digital Collections

以区块链为技术基础、以元宇宙为应用场景的数字藏品的核心价值在于数字内容资产化,数字内容资产化具备为数字资产提供权益证明的“赋权”功能和提供内在价值的“赋值”功能,这两项功能分别为数字版权提供了“确权”和“交易”两套基本机制,并分别促进了数字内容的权益保障和广泛传播。考虑到数字藏品正处于从无到有、从零星到杂芜的野蛮生长阶段,与之相关的技术尚不完善、规范尚付阙如,数字藏品仍面临着技术安全风险、版权确权风险和版权交易风险。为有效发挥数字藏品版权价值,需构建风险治理框架:在技术安全治理上,鉴于数字藏品内置于三层嵌套式技术结构中,根据技术层级分别制定技术标准可能更为合理;在版权确权治理上,鉴于确权风险集中产生于实物作品向数字藏品的转换环节,增设中间审核程序并细化审核内容可能更为妥当;在版权交易治理上,鉴于交易风险集中体现为数字藏品的金融化趋势,建立健全版权交易平台并细化交易规则可能更为适宜。

The core value of digital collection based on the technology of block chain and the application scene of the metaverse lies in the digital content capitalization, which has the functions to provide both the “empowerment” function of right approval and the “assignment” function of intrinsic value for digital content. These two functions of digital copyright respectively provide such two sets of mechanisms as “approval” and “trade, ” and also promote the protection of rights and interests of digital content and the wide dissemination of digital content.Considering that digital collections are in the stage of wild growth from scratch, from sporadic to miscellaneous, and the related technologies are not perfect and the norms are not yet available, digital collections are still facing the risks of technical security, copyright confirmation and copyright transaction. In order to give full play to the copyright value of digital collections, it is necessary to build a risk governance framework. In terms of technology security governance, considering that digital collections are embedded in a three-layer nested technology structure, it may be more reasonable to establish technical standards according to the technology level. In terms of copyright confirmation management, since the risk of copyright confirmation is concentrated in the conversion from physical works to digital collections, it may be more appropriate to add intermediate review procedures and refine the review content. In terms of copyright trading governance, as the transaction risks are mainly reflected in the financial trend of digital collections, it may be more appropriate to establish and improve the copyright trading platform and refine the trading rules.