中国共产党百年来的乡村治理观及其经验启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Rural Governance Led by the Communist Party of China in the Past Century

中国共产党百年来的乡村治理观并非线性样态,而是不同时期物质和意识辩证统一的逻辑结果。新民主主义革命时期,落后的自然经济和小农为主的生产关系,使得乡村需要组织起来,反对乡村强权和封建保守性的危害;社会主义改造和建设时期,公有制的确立需要集中统一的土地制度改革,政社合一的治理模式旨在通过统合方式增强国家能力;改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期,市场经济的确立需要重新审视权力集中的局限,家庭联产承包责任制和基层群众自治制度旨在激发乡村活力;中国特色社会主义新时代,随着生产力的不断发展,乡村治理越来越强调人民主体性、文化传承性和法制保障性。百年启示在于:中国共产党的乡村治理观是唯物史观的展示和延续;党领导下的协同共治是意识反作用力的逻辑结果;社会主义生产关系决定乡村治理中的人民主体地位。

Over the past century, the practice of rural governance led by CPC has not been a nonlinear development pattern, but the logical result of dialectical unity of material and consciousness in different periods. In the new democratic period, the backward natural economy and the production relationship dominated by small farmers make it necessary for the villages to organize and oppose the harm of rural power and feudal conservatism. In the period of socialist transformation and construction, the establishment of public ownership requires centralized and unified land system reform, and the governance model of the integration of government and society aims to enhance the national capacity. During the period of reform & opening up and socialist modernization, the establishment of a market economy requires a re-examination of the limitations of power concentration, the household contracted-responsibility system and the grass-roots mass autonomy system aim to stimulate rural vitality. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, with the continuous development of productive forces, rural governance has increasingly emphasized people’s subjectivity, cultural heritage and legal guarantee. The centennial enlightenment lies in the fact that the CPC’s view of rural governance is the display and continuation of historical materialism, that the cooperative and co-governance under the leadership of the CPC is the logical result of the reaction force of consciousness, and that the socialist relations of production determines the dominant position of the people in rural governance.