液态金属的多功能化

Multifunctionalization of Liquid Metals

液态金属是在室温或常温下处于液态的金属,又被称为低熔点金属。由于具有优越的导热、导电、润滑等性能,液态金属被应用在散热器、电池、3D打印、柔性机器人、磁流体发电、电磁屏蔽和生物医疗等领域,有着广阔的应用前景。各种新型多样的研究不断涌现。液态金属基塑料、合金等复合材料的问世也进一步推动了液态金属的发展。但是,液态金属的应用发展也面临瓶颈问题:腐蚀其他金属、密度大、质量大、原料储备种类数量过少等。本文综述了液态金属的多功能化的研究进展,并对液态金属的研究方向及应用前景进行了展望。

Liquid metals are the metals in a liquid state at room temperature or normal temperature,and are also called low melting point metals.Liquid metals have excellent thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,lubrication and other properties.They are applied to radiators,batteries,3D printing,flexible robots,magnetic fluid power generation,electromagnetic shielding,biomedical and other fields,and they have broad application prospects.A variety of new researches continue to emerge.The advent of composite materials such as liquid metal-based plastics and alloys has also further promoted the development of liquid metals.However,the development of liquid metals is also facing bottlenecks:corroding other metals,high density,large quality,too few types of raw material reserves and so on.In this paper,the research progress of multifunctional liquid metals is reviewed,and the research direction and application prospect of liquid metals are prospected.