中国服务贸易国际竞争力实证研究——基于中美两国的对比

An empirical study on the international competitiveness of China’s service trade——Based on the comparison between China and the United States

当前中国服务贸易发展呈现出总体规模上升、贸易结构不断优化的态势,但在服务贸易竞争力方面与美国相比仍存在一定差距。通过设计衡量服务贸易竞争力的相关指标体系,对比中美两国不同服务部门竞争力的差别,并利用“钻石模型”建立起多元线性回归模型对相关影响因素进行分析。结果显示:中国在通信、计算机与信息服务业以及对劳动、资源依赖较大的运输、旅行、建筑服务部门具有一定的竞争力,在与资本和知识密切相关的现代服务部门的竞争力相对低下。需求、相关及支持产业这两大因素对中国服务贸易国际竞争力影响较为显著。中国应该从服务需求、货物出口联动作用、人才培养、制度型开放等多方面着手,不断提升服务贸易竞争力。

At present,the overall scale of China’s trade in services is on the rise and the trade structure is constantly optimized.However,there is still a certain gap between China and the United States in the competitiveness of trade in services.By designing the index system to measure the competitiveness of service trade,this paper compares the differences between the competitiveness of different service sectors in China and the United States,and uses the diamond model to establish a multiple linear regression model to analyze the relevant influencing factors.The results show that China has certain competitiveness in communication,computer and information services,transportation,travel and construction services which are heavily dependent on labor and resources,and relatively low competitiveness in modern services which are closely related to capital and knowledge.Demand,related industries and supporting industries have a significant impact on the international competitiveness of China’s service trade.China should constantly enhance the competitiveness of service trade from the aspects of service demand,linkage of goods export,talent training,institutional opening,etc.