不同提取工艺对生姜提取物及化学组成的影响

Effects of different extraction techniques on the extracts of Zingiberofficinale Roscoe and their chemical compositions

对贵州水城产生姜采用不同提取工艺分别得到水蒸气蒸馏姜精油、乙醇溶剂姜油、超临界CO_(2)姜油、超临界CO_(2)姜精油和超临界CO_(2)姜油树脂5种提取物,其收率分别为0.86%、3.56%、4.78%、1.27%和3.39%。对提取物化学组成用GC-MS进行了定性与归一化分析,并用HPLC对姜酚类化合物进行了定量检测。GC-MS对水蒸气蒸馏姜精油、乙醇溶剂姜油、超临界CO_(2)姜油、超临界CO_(2)姜精油及超临界CO_(2)姜油树脂分别检出39、45、48、50及46种化合物,对GC-MS色谱流出图、归一化法化学组成中21个含量1%以上成分以及HPLC定量检测结果进行了统计及分析比较。结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏姜精油和超临界CO_(2)姜精油、乙醇溶剂姜油和超临界CO_(2)姜油的化学组成分别较为接近,超临界CO_(2)姜油树脂差异较大;采用超临界CO_(2)选择性提取分离工艺可一次性得到6-姜酚含量分别为42.05 mg/g的姜精油和170.98 mg/g的姜油树脂,显示出对姜酚类物质较高的分离富集效率;通过调整提取工艺参数,超临界CO_(2)可从生姜中得到姜油、姜精油及富含姜酚类物质的姜油树脂3种提取物,是生姜中挥发性及脂溶性生物活性成分提取分离的优选工艺。

Five extracts of ginger(Zingiber offcinale Roscoe)from Shuicheng and Guizhou were obtained by different extraction processes,including steam distillation ginger essential oil,ethanol solvent ginger oil,supercritical CO_(2)ginger oil,supercritical CO_(2)ginger essential oil,and supercritical CO_(2)ginger oleoresin.Their yields were 0.86%,3.56%,4.78%,1.27%,and 3.39%,respectively.The chemical compositions of five extracts were qualitatively normalized by GC-MS,and gingerol compounds were quantified by HPLC.39,45,48,50,and 46 compounds were detected by GC-MS for five extracts,respectively.The GC-MS chromatograms,21 components with a content of more than 1%in the chemical compositions by normalization method and the quantitative detection results for gingerols by HPLC were statistically analyzed and compared.Results showed that the chemical compositions of steam distillation ginger essential oil and supercritical CO_(2)ginger essential oil,ethanol solvent ginger oil and supercritical CO_(2)ginger oil were similar to each other,and supercritical CO_(2)ginger oleoresin was different.By supercritical CO_(2)selective extraction and separation process,one-time could get ginger essential oil with 6-gingerol content of 42.05 mg/g and ginger oleoresin with 170.98 mg/g,respectively,which showed a high separation and enrichment efficiency for gingerols in ginger.By adjusting the extraction process parameters,three extracts of ginger oil,ginger essential oil and ginger oleoresin rich in gingerols could be obtained from ginger by supercritical CO_(2)extraction.It is the preferred process for the extraction and separation of volatile and fat-soluble bioactive components in ginger.