清代学者研究视域中的“师道不传”与师道重振

“The Doctrine of the Teacher without Propagating”and the Revival of the Doctrine of the Teacher in the Perspective of the Scholars in the Qing Dynasty

继韩愈作《师说》之后,清代学者就当世“师道不传”现象写“师说”类文章78篇,在前人论述基础上丰富了对“师道观”的构建,将“师道不传”的原因归结于“师不传道”“无以尊师”“求师无道”,并有针对性地提出了慎重择师的重要性以及择师标准,要求为师者能传道、乐于道并且传真道,求学者修德行、真问学,从而捍卫尊师重道的传统。

Following Han Yu’s On the Teacher,scholars in the Qing Dynasty wrote 78 articles on the phenomenon of“the doctrine of the teacher without propagating”,which enriched the construction of“the doctrine of the teacher”on the basis of predecessors’discussions,attributed the reasons of“the doctrine of the teacher without propagating”to“no teacher to propagate the doctrine of the teacher”,“no way to respect the teacher”and“no way to seek the teacher”,and pointed out the importance of carefully selecting the teacher and the criteria for selecting the teacher,requiring that teachers should be able and willing to propagate the doctrine,and propagate the true doctrine,and that learners should cultivate morality and seek the true learning,so as to safeguard the tradition of respecting teachers and valuing doctrines.