金属激光增材制造材料设计研究进展

Research Progress of Materials Design for Metal Laser Additive Manufacturing

激光增材制造被公认为是解决个性化、复杂化金属构件整体成形难题的有效技术手段。现有金属增材制造的研究主要从传统合金牌号出发,但基于平衡凝固过程设计的传统合金成分难以满足增材制造的非平衡冶金动力学特点,往往面临高裂纹敏感性、低韧低疲劳、各向异性等共性问题。因此,需要开展面向激光增材制造的新型材料成分设计研究,充分挖掘增材制造非平衡凝固特性的潜在优势与价值。本文综述了铝合金、钛合金、铁基合金、镁合金等不同材料现有合金牌号增材制造的技术瓶颈,以及面向增材制造的材料创新设计方法与新型合金及其复合材料发展的研究进展。最后提出了金属增材制造材料设计的未来发展趋势。

Laser additive manufacturing is widely recognized to be an effective method to form com-plicated and custom metallic components.The existing research on metal additive manufacturing utilizes traditional alloy grades,which are designed based on the assumption that solidification occurs at equilibri-um;thus,these materials are not well suited to the nonequilibrium metallurgical dynamics that are pres-ent in additive manufacturing techniques.Common issues,such as high crack susceptibility,low tough-ness,and low fatigue capability,as well as anisotropy,frequently occur during the fabrication of additively manufactured metallic parts.It is therefore necessary to conduct research on the design of new materials designed specifically for laser additive manufacturing in order to fully realize the potential advantages and value of the ultrafast solidification conditions.In this article,the technical bottlenecks,material design methods,and the development of new materials that are applicable to laser additively manufactured met-al materials are reviewed;these materials include aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, iron-based alloys, andmagnesium alloys . Finally, the potential future direction of research related to laser metal additive manu-facturing is discussed.