“免得”连词化的历程、动因与机制

The Process, Motivation and Mechanism of the process of Conjunction of “Mian De”

“免得”连用出现于唐代,最初是一个“免+得”的非句法结构,“得”后接名词性成分作为“免”的宾语。宋元明时期,“得”后接成分范围扩大,即由最初的NP(名词短语)扩展至VP(动词短语),甚至为S(短句)。元代“免得”出现了连词化倾向,而最终于清代演变为连词化的“免得”。“免得”连词化的重要动因:一是词汇的双音节化;二是与“得”后接成分范围的扩大以及“免得”所处的位置有关;三是主观性及语境的影响;四是使用频率的提高。句法环境和重新分析是“免得”连词化的重要机制。

“Mian de” appeared in the Tang Dynasty. it was originally a non-syntactic structure of “mian de”. “De”is followed by a nominal component as the object of “mian”. During the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, the following components of “de” expanded from nominal components to predicate components, even clauses. In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a tendency towards conjunction and it eventually evolved into the conjunctive “mian de” in the Qing Dynasty. The motivations for the conjunction of “mian de” are as follows:the lexical disyllabic trend, the expansion of the range of components after “de” and the position of “mian de”,the influence of subjectivity and context and the increase in frequency of use.Syntactic context and re-analysis are important mechanisms of “mian de”.