碳中和战略背景下建设碳工业体系的进展、挑战及意义

Progress,challenge and significance of building a carbon industry system in the context of carbon neutrality strategy

全球气候变化与碳中和背景下,CO_(2)封存利用已成为人类绿色发展的必然趋势与选择。以CO_(2)捕集、利用与封存/CO_(2)捕集与封存(CCUS/CCS)为核心的碳工业,正成为碳中和目标下的新兴战略产业,规模可持续发展需借鉴全球油气工业发展路径。地球系统发育3种“碳”,黑碳是未被封存或利用并长期留存在大气圈中的CO_(2),灰碳是被固定或永久封存在地质体中的CO_(2),蓝碳是通过生物、物理、化学等方式可转化为人类利用产品的CO_(2)。碳工业体系覆盖碳产生、碳捕集、碳运输、碳利用、碳封存、碳产品、碳金融等业务,是彻底消除“黑碳”的革命性领域。研发以碳减排、零碳、负碳及碳经济为内涵的碳工业技术体系,构建以CCUS/CCS为基础的低成本、高能效的碳工业体系,是世界各国实现碳中和目标和能源清洁利用的战略举措,利于推动4个“80%”的中国能源供应格局转变,即由2021年含碳化石能源消费占比80%以上、化石能源CO_(2)排放80%以上,转变为2060年非碳新能源占比80%以上、CO_(2)排放减少80%以上,保障实现80×108t碳减排总量与碳中和战略目标。中国碳工业发展面临CO_(2)排放量偏大、煤炭占比偏高和创新体系偏弱3方面挑战,针对性提出3条应对举措:(1)坚定不移开展碳工业体系建设,保障2060年前如期实现碳中和;(2)大力发展新能源,推动中国能源生产与消费结构实现革命性转换;(3)加快建立全产业的碳工业科技创新体系。发展碳工业体系,利用清洁化能源,实现全球碳中和战略目标,对持续优化生态环境、构建绿色地球与生态地球意义重大。

Carbon dioxide storage and utilization has become an inevitable trend and choice for sustainable development under the background of global climate change and carbon neutrality. Carbon industry which is dominated by CO_(2)capture, utilization and storage/CO_(2)capture and storage(CCUS/CCS) is becoming a new strategic industry under the goal of carbon neutrality. The sustainable development of carbon industry needs to learn from the experiences of global oil and gas industry development. There are three types of “carbon” in the earth system. Black carbon is the CO_(2)that has not been sequestered or used and remains in the atmosphere for a long time;grey carbon is the CO_(2)that has been fixed or permanently sequestered in the geological body, and blue carbon is the CO_(2)that could be converted into products for human use through biological, physical, chemical and other ways. The carbon industry system covers carbon generation, carbon capture, carbon transportation, carbon utilization, carbon sequestration, carbon products, carbon finance, and other businesses. It is a revolutionary industrial field to completely eliminate “black carbon”. The development of carbon industry technical system takes carbon emission reduction, zero carbon, negative carbon and carbon economy as the connotation, and the construction of a low-cost and energy-efficient carbon industry system based on CCUS/CCS are strategic measures to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality and clean energy utilization globally. This will promote the “four 80%s” transformation of China’s energy supply,namely, to 2060, the percentage of zero-carbon new energy in the energy consumption will be over 80% and the CO_(2)emission will be decreased by 80% to ensure the carbon emission reduction of total 80×10~8 t from the percentage of carbon-based fossil energy in the energy consumption of over 80%, and the percentage of CO_(2)emission from energy of over 80% in 2021. The carbon industry in China is facing three challenges, large CO_(2)emissions, high percentage of coal in energy consumption, and poor innovative system. Three strategic measures are proposed accordingly, including:(1) unswervingly develop carbon industrial system and ensure the achievement of carbon neutrality as scheduled by 2060;(2) vigorously develop new energy sources and promote a revolutionary transformation of China’s energy production and consumption structure;(3) accelerate the establishment of scientific and technological innovation system of the whole CO_(2)industry. It is of great significance for continuously optimization of ecological environment and construction of green earth and ecological earth to develop the carbon industry system, utilize clean energy, and achieve the strategic goal of global carbon neutrality.