“参与式博物馆”四种参与模式在我国博物馆策展实践中的适用性分析

An Analysis of the Applicability of the Four Participation Models of the“Participatory Museum”in the Curatorial Practice of Museums in China

妮娜·西蒙提出的“参与式博物馆”不仅是研究博物馆参与技巧的理论,更是旨在鼓励观众走进博物馆交流、创作及表达的实践方法。将“参与式博物馆”所构建的贡献型、合作型、共同创造型和招待型四种参与模式,与我国博物馆策展案例相对照,可知博物馆的参与实践不完全对应于某一具体参与模式,存在与各模式的融合创新。同时,我国博物馆开始逐渐向公众“赋权”,鼓励公众深度参与展览的内容策划。基于以上适应性特点,将社区博物馆、高校博物馆和新媒体平台作为参与突破口,可以帮助公众在较为熟悉安全的博物馆环境中较为自由地沟通互动、表达自我,迈出主动参与的脚步,为博物馆参与式活动的选择与设计提供借鉴意义。

Nina Simon’s“participatory museum”is not only a theory of museum participation techniques,but also a practical approach to encourage audiences to come into museums to communicate,create and express themselves.By comparing the four modes of participation-contributory,collaborative,co-creative,and hosted-with the practices of museums in China,it is concluded that museum practices do not correspond to a specific mode of participation,but rather to a blend of innovative modes.Museums in China have begun to gradually“empower”the public,encouraging them to participate deeply in the content development stage of exhibitions.It is therefore suggested that community museums,university museums and new media platforms can be used as breakthrough points for museum participation as they provide a more familiar and safer museum environment where people feel freer to communicate,interact,and express.