国外非物质文化遗产数字化保护与传承实践借鉴

Foreign Experiences in Applying Digital Measures to Intangible Heritage Preservation and Promotion

利用先进的数字化手段促进非物质文化遗产的保护和传承,已成为我国非遗发展所面临的一项迫切任务,学习和借鉴国外的先进经验势在必行。日本、法国、美国和加拿大等国总体走在了世界前列,四国的做法各具特色。日本的主要做法是针对非遗的立法、部署数据库建设以及促进特定数字技术的应用;法国采取了创新性的保护措施、明确非遗保护数字化主体和促进数据资源的开发,同时充分发挥国家图书馆的作用;美国以StoryCorps项目为代表,通过广泛采集非遗传承人的音视频促进非遗的传承和保护,并在数字技术创新应用方面成效明显;加拿大通过编制非遗数字化操作指南和加强非遗数字博物馆建设的方法,取得了理想的效果。我们要学习借鉴国外的先进经验,做到“洋为中用”,切实推进我国非遗数字化保护与传承的进程。

Using advanced digital technologies to help the protection and promotion of intangible cultural heritage has become an urgent task in China,and it is timely to borrow experiences from other countries.Japan,France,the United States,and Canada have been taking the leading role in this regard with their respective approaches.Japan’s main approach is to legislate for intangible cultural heritage,deploy database construction,and promote the application of certain digital technologies.Practices in France include adopting innovative measures,identifying main parties in action,promoting digital resources development,and giving full play to the national library.In the United States,the StoryCorps project collects individual stories to foster shared humanity and the innovative application of digital technologies has yield great results.Canada’s practices include issuing guidelines for digitizing intangible cultural heritage and constructing digital museums.These successful experiences should be learned and borrowed to help the practice in China.