贵州省汇川区药用植物资源调查

Investigation on Medicinal Plants Resources in Huichuan District of Guizhou Province

【目的】探明贵州省遵义市汇川区野生药用植物资源的种类及栽培药用植物的现状,为当地野生中药资源的保护、开发及优势品种推广提供依据。【方法】根据第四次全国中药资源普查技术规范要求,采用实地踏查法结合走访调查对汇川区43个样地药用植物资源及栽培品种进行调查。【结果】汇川区的药用植物资源分属116科336属515种,其中,优势科有菊科(48种,占比9.32%),蔷薇科(27种,占比5.24%)及百合科(26种,占比5.05%)等共10个科;根据入药部位可分为全草类、果实及种子类和叶类等共8类,以全草类最多(221种);根据功效可划分为解表类、清热类及泻下类等19类,以清热类最多(182种)。汇川区发现贵州省重点中药品种48科85种,包含菝葜、吉祥草、野葛、杜仲、千里光、杠板归及三叶木通等;银杏、珙桐和红豆杉为国家重点Ⅰ级保护野生植物,西南舌唇兰、润楠、喜树和金荞麦等14种药用植物为国家重点Ⅱ级保护野生植物。汇川区栽培药用植物共计21种,包括天麻、五倍子及黄精等,种植面积约3200 hm^(2)。【结论】汇川区药用植物资源蕴藏量大,多样性丰富,建议适当发展当地优势中药品种种植。

【Objective】The species of wild medicinal plants resource and current situation of cultivated medicinal plants in Huichuan District of Zunyi City in Guizhou Province are studied to provide the basis for protecting and developing of local wild medicinal resource and popularizing of superior varieties.【Method】According to the technical specifications of the fourth national general survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources,43 sample plots of medicinal plant resources and cultivated varieties in Huichuan District are investigated by field survey combined with interview and investigation method.【Result】515 species belong to 336 genera and 116 families in the sample plots of medicinal plant resources in Huichuan District;There are 10 dominant families such as Asteraceae(48 species,9.32%),Rosaceae(27 species,5.24%)and Liliaceae(26 species,5.05%);According to medicinal parts,there are 8 kinds including whole plants,fruits,seeds,leafage and other kinds,in which whole plants are the most of 221 species;According to medicinal efficacy,there are 19 kinds,such as relieving exterior syndrome,clearing heat,cathartics,in which relieving exterior syndrome is the most of 182 species.85 species belonging to 48 families of key traditional Chinese medicine varieties are found in Huichuan District,including Smilax china,Reineckia carnea,Pueraria lobata,Eucommia ulmoides,Senecio scandens,Polygonum perfoliatum,Akebia trifoliata and etc.;Ginkgo biloba,Davidia involucrata,and Taxus chinensis belong to classⅠof national key protected wild plants,and there are 14 species of class II of national key protected wild plants such as Anoectochilus elwesii,Machilus pingii,Camptotheca acuminata,and Fagopyrum dibotrys.A total of 21 varieties of medicinal plants are cultivated in Huichuan District,including Gastrodia elata,Galla chinensis,Polygonatum sibiricum,with a planting area of 3200 hm^(2).【Conclusion】There are a large reserves of medicinal plant resources and rich in diversity in Huichuan District,and it is recommended that local dominant traditional Chinese medicine varieties can be developed appropriately.