仿刺参行为生态学及相关转录组学研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospect of behavioral ecology and related transcriptomics of sea cucumber

行为生态学是研究由于生态压力而产生的动物行为的进化基础的学科,通过研究这些行为发生的原因及规律能更好地帮助我们理解自然和保护动物。转录组学是一种研究特定细胞、组织或器官在特定生长发育阶段或某种生理状况下所有转录本的科学,与相对稳定的基因组不同,随着生长发育阶段、生理状态和外界环境改变转录组会发生相应变化。所以,能通过转录组分析研究生物生长发育、应激生理、抗病免疫等作用机制。仿刺参行为学研究对于改善仿刺参生产管理模式、完善仿刺参增养殖方式与提高仿刺参采捕效率、采捕设施设计和调查研究具有重要意义,而仿刺参转录组学更像是一把钥匙,能够更好地帮我们打开行为学研究的大门,帮助我们更好地理解仿刺参行为出现的原因和调控机理,使我们能够更加高效地利用仿刺参行为进行生产养殖。本文主要综述了目前仿刺参运动、摄食、集群、应激、繁殖、争胜、夏眠等不同行为的研究现状,并对与仿刺参行为相关的转录组学研究进行概述,为未来仿刺参的行为生态学及转录组学研究提供借鉴及参考。

Behavioral ecology is a discipline that studies the evolutionary basis of animal behavior due to ecological pressure.After studying the four problems that need to be solved and the direct causes, ontogeny, survival value and systematics of animal behavior, behavioral ecology emerges from ethology. Studying the causes and laws of these behaviors can help us better understand self-discipline and protect animals. Transcriptomics is a science that studies all transcripts of a specific cell, tissue or organ at a specific stage of growth and development or under a certain physiological condition. Different from the relatively stable genome, transcriptomics will change with the change of growth and development stage, physiological state and external environment. Therefore, we can study the mechanism of biological growth and development, stress physiology, disease resistance and immunity through transcriptome analysis. The behavioral research of Apostichopus japonicus is of great significance for improving the production management mode, improving the breeding mode, improving the harvesting efficiency, designing the harvesting facilities and investigating. The transcriptomics of Apostichopus japonicus is more like a key, which can better help us open the door of behavioral research, help us better understand the causes and regulatory mechanism of Apostichopus japonicus behavior, and make more efficient use of Apostichopus japonicus behavior for production and breeding. In this paper, the research status on different behaviors of Apostichopus japonicus, such as movement, feeding, clustering, stress, reproduction,competition and hibernation, was reviewed, and the transcriptomics related to the behavior of Apostichopus japonicus was summarized, so as to provide reference for the behavioral ecology and transcriptomics of Apostichopus japonicus in the future.