CRISPR基因组编辑技术在结核分枝杆菌中的研究进展及应用

Development and application of CRISPR assisted genome editing technology in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)感染引起的结核病仍然是全球公共卫生的威胁。为了应对此挑战,开发新型抗结核疫苗和药物刻不容缓,因此,需要对结核分枝杆菌基因功能进行更加全面深入的了解。基于CRISPR-Cas系统的基因组编辑技术已经广泛应用于原核及真核生物中,然而直到近年来才在结核分枝杆菌中得到发展和应用。笔者综述了基于CRISPR的基因组编辑技术在结核分枝杆菌中的研究进展以及在实际工作中的应用,重点总结了CRISPR全基因组敲除和抑制文库筛选在结核分枝杆菌遗传及化学-遗传相互作用研究中的应用,旨在加深对结核分枝杆菌基因编辑的认识并促进结核分枝杆菌的基础研究。

Tuberculosis(TB),caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB),remains a public health threat.To address this challenge,development of new anti-TB vaccines and drugs is urgent,which requires a more comprehensive understanding of gene function of MTB.CRISPR-Cas assisted genome editing has been widely used in prokaryotes and eukaryotes,whereas it was developed and applied in MTB until recently.Here,we reviewed recent advances in the development and the application of CRISPR assisted genome editing in MTB.This review particularly focused on the application of genome-wide CRISPR knockout and CRISPRi libraries for screening the genetic and chemical-genetic interaction profiling in MTB,aiming to deepen the understanding of gene editing in MTB and promote the basic research of MTB.