再生水灌溉农作物研究进展

Research Progress of Reclaimed Water Irrigation of Crop

全球水资源供需矛盾日益加剧,合理使用再生水灌溉农作物成为缓解水资源短缺的重要手段。结合现有灌溉技术,综述了国内外再生水灌溉对作物生长生产、农田土壤养分、地下水环境等影响的研究进展,依照农作物分类,对比了国内外再生水水质指标和标准。针对再生水灌溉农作物存在的土壤富营养化问题,建议加强再生水灌溉导致土壤盐渍化、重金属富集、酶活性变化、致病菌变异以及微生物基因改变的机理研究。未来要开展以再生水灌溉农作物对土壤、地下水环境不利影响最小化为目标,以优化再生水灌溉制度、施肥制度为重点的“土壤-地下水-作物”系统的研究,揭示再生水灌溉中各物质的迁移转化规律,为再生水安全灌溉提供保障。

With the increasing conflict between global water supply and demand, the rational use of reclaimed water for irrigation of crops has become an important means to alleviate water shortage. Combined with the existing irrigation technology,the research progress of domestic and foreign reclaimed water irrigation on crop growth and production, farmland soil nutrients and groundwater environment is reviewed, and the domestic and foreign reclaimed water quality indexes and standards are compared according to the crop classification. In view of the problem of soil eutrophication in reclaimed water irrigation, it is suggested to strengthen the research on the mechanism of soil salinization, heavy metal enrichment, enzyme activity change,pathogenic bacteria variation and microbial genetic change caused by reclaimed water irrigation. In the future, it is suggested to carry out research on the “soil-groundwater-crop” system with the goal of minimizing the adverse effects of reclaimed water irrigation on soil and groundwater environment, and focus on optimizing the reclaimed water irrigation system and fertilization system, so as to reveal the migration and transformation rules of various substances in reclaimed water irrigation and provide safety support for reclaimed water irrigation.