基于专利视角的国内外秸秆能源化利用技术发展差异研究

Study on the Development Difference of Straw Energy Utilization Technology Between China and Foreign Countries Based on Patent Perspective

气候变化受到当今国际社会的高度关注,已经成为影响各国制定其能源战略的重要因素。秸秆能源化利用符合低碳绿色理念,碳减排潜力巨大。为了剖析国内外秸秆能源化利用技术发展差异,明确我国秸秆能源化利用技术发展的优势与不足,本文基于专利数据,从申请趋势、区域分布、技术分布、研发主体等方面开展国内外秸秆能源化利用技术发展差异研究,并从专利组合理论视角分析我国在该领域的国际竞争地位。结果显示,国内外在技术分布、研究活跃度、技术更迭及发展方向上各具特点。我国秸秆能源化利用技术发展增势远超国外,但目前尚处于技术研发阶段,技术储备主要来自于高校和科研院所;经过了以热解气化技术为主转向以固化成型技术和发酵制沼技术为主,热解气化技术、直燃技术和液化技术并行发展的历程,液化技术发展相对缓慢,在全球化保护、技术输出、技术影响力及产业化程度方面与欧美等国尚有较大差距。外国秸秆能源化利用技术经过了以固化成型技术和直燃技术为主转向以固化成型技术和液化技术为主的发展历程,液化技术逐渐成为其未来发展方向。针对当前现状与不足,提出了中国秸秆能源化利用技术的发展建议。

Climate change has been paid more and more attention by the international community,and has become an vital factor influencing countries to formulate their energy strategies.The energy utilization of straw conforms to the low-carbon and green development concept,and has great potential for carbon emission reduction.In order to analyze the development differences and clarify the strengths and weaknesses of straw energy utilization technology between China and foreign countries,the research of straw energy utilization technology development in China and foreign countries based on patent data was analyzed from the aspects of annual application trend,regional distribution,technology distribution and main participants,meanwhile,China’s competitive position in the field was analyzed with the patent portfolio theory.The results demonstrate that China and foreign countries have their own characteristics in technology distribution,research activity,technology evolution and development direction.Straw energy utilization technology development in China is far more than that of foreign countries.However,China is still in the stage of technology research and development in straw energy utilization,universities and scientific research institutes provided rich technical reserve.The technology in China has changed from pyrolysis gasification technology to solidification technology and fermentation biogas technology as main part,with pyrolysis gasification technology,direct combustion technology and liquefaction technology developing in parallel,but liquefaction technology developing slowly.There still exists a large gap between European countries and the United States in terms of global protection,technology export,technology effects and industrialization.It has changed from solidification technology and direct combustion technology as main part,to solidification technology and liquefaction technology as main part,with liquefaction technology be the future developmental direction in foreign countries.In view of current situation and shortcomings,some suggestions on the development of straw energy utilization technology in China have been put forward.