第二掌背动脉皮瓣接力示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损

The second dorsal metacarpal artery flap relaying the dorsal island flap of the index finger for the repair of soft tissue defect of thumb

目的 探讨第2掌背动脉筋膜血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣接力示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2019年10月—2021年1月收治的8例拇指皮肤软组织缺损患者临床资料。其中男3例,女5例;年龄18~52岁,平均35岁。致伤原因:机器伤2例,挤压伤3例,切割伤3例。近节背侧缺损2例,末节背侧缺损1例,末节远端毁损5例。皮肤软组织缺损范围1.7 cm×1.4 cm~3.0 cm×2.5 cm。受伤至皮瓣修复时间为7~21 d,平均14 d。首先应用示指背侧岛状皮瓣(示指近节背侧)修复拇指缺损,然后采用第2掌背动脉筋膜血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣(手背部近端偏桡侧)修复示指背侧缺损,供区直接缝合。结果 1例患者术后48 h内皮瓣出现血管危象,1例因缝合张力过大出现皮瓣臃肿、淤青,经对症治疗后皮瓣均成活;1例术后皮瓣部分皮缘坏死,经换药后切口愈合;余5例皮瓣均顺利成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。8例患者均获随访,随访时间3~10个月,平均6个月。其中1例患者出现轻度瘢痕;其余患者皮瓣颜色与周围皮肤无明显差异,肌腱无粘连,对示指功能干扰小,皮瓣供、受区无明显疼痛及功能障碍。末次随访时,拇指掌指关节伸屈活动度为0°~55°,指间关节为0°~75°;示指掌指关节伸屈活动度为0°~82°,近指间关节为0°~90°,远指间关节为0°~65°。结论 应用第2掌背动脉筋膜血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣接力示指背侧岛状皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损创面是一种可行的治疗方式,其血运可靠,术后并发症少,无需取皮、植皮,对示指功能干扰小,创面修复效果满意。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the second dorsal metacarpal artery fascial vascular pedicle retrograde island flap relaying the dorsal island flap of the index finger in repairing skin and soft tissue defects of the thumb. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients with skin and soft tissue defects of thumb between October 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 males and 5 females with an average age of 35 years(range, 18-52 years). The causes of injury included machine injury in 2 cases, crush injury in 3 cases, and cutting injury in3 cases. There were 2 cases of dorsal defect of the proximal part, 1 dorsal defect of the distal part, and 5 instances of the distal part defect. The skin and soft tissue defects ranged from 1.7 cm×1.4 cm to 3.0 cm×2.5 cm. The time from injury to flap repair was 7-21 days, with an average of 14 days. Firstly, the dorsal island flap of the index finger(dorsal side of the proximal part of the index finger) was used to repair the defect of the thumb. Then the second dorsal metacarpal artery fascia vascular pedicle retrograde island flap(near the radial side of the back of the hand) was used to repair the dorsal defect of the index finger;the donor site was sutured directly. Results Vascular crisis of the flap occurred in 1 case within48 hours after operation, and the flap was bloated and bruised in 1 case due to excessive suture tension, and all the flaps survived after symptomatic treatment;partial skin margin of the flap was necrotic in 1 case after operation, and the incision healed after dressing change;the other 5 flaps survived, and all the wounds in the donor and recipient sites healed by first intention. All the 8 patients were followed up 3-10 months, with an average of 6 months. One patient had mild scar;the other patients had no significant difference in the color of the flap and the surrounding skin, no adhesion of tendons, and little interference of index finger function, and there was no obvious pain and dysfunction in the donor and recipient sites of the flap. At last follow-up, the extension-flexion range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb was 0°-55°, and that of the interphalangeal joint was 0°-75°;the extension-flexion range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger was 0°-82°, that of the proximal interphalangeal joints was 0°-90°, and that of the distal interphalangeral joints was 0°-65°. Conclusion The application of the second dorsal metacarpal artery fascial vascular pedicle retrograde island flap relaying the dorsal island flap of the index finger to repair skin and soft tissue defect wounds of thumb is a feasible treatment with reliable blood supply, less postoperative complications, no need for skin grafting, less interference to the function of the index finger, and satisfactory wound repair effect.