磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路在甲状腺癌中的研究进展

Research progress of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway in thyroid cancer

目的了解磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/AKT)信号通路在甲状腺癌中的研究现状以及在甲状腺癌的发生、细胞分化、侵袭和转移中的作用,以寻找甲状腺癌治疗的潜在靶点。方法检索关于PI3K/AKT信号通路在甲状腺癌中研究的相关文献并进行分析及总结。结果PI3K/AKT信号通路在甲状腺癌中直接或间接地被异常活化,导致细胞凋亡受抑制、恶性增殖、周期进展加速、侵袭、转移等,从而促进甲状腺癌的发生及发展;同时也有一些抑癌基因、微小RNA、长链非编码RNA等间接抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的激活或直接作用于PI3K/AKT信号通路并抑制其活性,从而抑制甲状腺癌的发生和发展。结论在甲状腺癌中,有不少蛋白、基因、微小RNA和长链非编码RNA通过不同的靶点直接或间接地激活PI3K/AKT信号通路,促进甲状腺癌的发生与发展;同时也有许多靶点抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路的激活,从而抑制甲状腺癌的恶性增殖、侵袭与转移。目前已有研究者尝试将PI3K/AKT信号通路作为治疗甲状腺癌的切入点,深入探究PI3K/AKT信号通路在不同甲状腺癌中的作用,此对寻找治疗甲状腺癌的新靶点具有重要意义。

Objective To understand the research status of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signaling pathway in the thyroid cancer(TC),as well as its role in the occurrence,cell differentiation,invasion,and metastasis of the TC,so as to find potential targets for treatment of TC.Method The literature about the research of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the TC was searched and summarized.Results The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was abnormally activated directly or indirectly in the TC,resulting in inhibition of cell apoptosis,malignant proliferation,accelerated cycle progression,invasion,and metastasis,etc.,which promoted the occurrence and development of the TC.There were also some tumor suppressor genes,microRNAs,long chain non-coding RNAs,etc.,which indirectly inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,or directly acted on it inhibiting its activity to inhibit the occurrence and development of the TC.Conclusions For the TC,some proteins,genes,microRNAs,and long chain non-coding RNAs directly or indirectly activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through different targets to promote the occurrence and development of TC.At the same time,many targets inhibit the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,which inhibits the malignant proliferation,invasion,and metastasis of TC.At present,there have been studies trying to use PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a breakthrough for the treatment of TC.In-depth exploration of the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in different TC is of great significance to find new targets for the treatment of TC.