人工智能提升了中国制造业企业的全要素生产率吗

Can Artificial Intelligence Improve the Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Enterprises in the Manufacturing Industry

当今世界,人工智能已成为提升全要素生产率、建设制造强国、推动综合国力提升的新引擎。在对人工智能赋能制造业企业全要素生产率效应理论分析的基础上,构建人工智能创新指标体系,基于2015—2021年制造业上市公司面板数据,实证研究了人工智能对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响,结果表明,人工智能对制造业企业全要素生产率提升具有显著正向效应,且存在明显的地区、行业、所有制企业异质性,人工智能通过创新链、产业链、供应链的精准匹配等中介效应,对制造业企业全要素生产率产生促进作用。资产总额、前五大股东集中度、员工数量等均对制造业企业全要素生产率产生了积极影响。

In the world today,artificial intelligence(AI) has become a new engine that improves total factor productivity,builds manufacturing power,and promotes the improvement of comprehensive national power.Based on the theoretical analysis of the effect of AI’s improvement on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the manufacturing industry,we expanded the AI innovation indicator system.Based on the panel data of listed companies in the manufacturing industry from 2015 to 2021,we made an empirical study on the effect of AI on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the manufacturing industry.The results showed that AI had a significant positive effect on the improvement of the total factor productivity of enterprises in the manufacturing industry,which was obviously different among different regions,different industries,and enterprises with different ownerships.AI can improve the total factor productivity of enterprises in the manufacturing industry through intermediate effects such as the exact matching of the innovation chain,industrial chain,and supply chain.Total assets,the concentration of the top five shareholders,the number of employees,and others all have a positive impact on the total factor productivity of enterprises in the manufacturing industry.