枣和酸枣杂交F_(1)代花性状分离规律与混合遗传分析

Segregation and Genetic Mixing Analysis of Flower Traits in the F1 Progeny of Z.jujuba Mill.×Z.acidojujuba Cheng et Liu

为了解枣花主要表型性状的遗传特点及基因的遗传效应,本研究以枣雄性不育‘JMS2’(Ziziphus jujuba’JMS2’)×酸枣‘邢16’(Z. acidojujuba’Xing16’)组合的父母本及子代为试材,检测花径、花序花朵数和裂蕾时间等10个花表型的主要性状,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析遗传规律。结果表明,不同性状的变异系数在10.34%~61.15%,花径、花面积、蜜盘直径、蜜盘面积和盛花始期存在显性遗传效应。花径和蜜盘直径无主基因控制,蜜盘面积、花序花朵数和花粉量由1对加性-显性主基因控制,花面积和蕾裂时间被2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制,与花期相关的性状由2对加性-显性主基因控制,蜜盘占比被2对加性主基因控制。在枣杂交后代的花性状遗传中,超亲分离现象普遍存在,且子代花性状偏向父本方向,花表型性状均表现出加性和显性双重效应。本研究结果可为枣花性状的分子育种和QTL定位提供一定的理论参考。

To clarify the segregation rule and genetic control basis of flower traits in jujube.Two parents and their 179 progenies of Z.jujuba'JMS2'×Z.acidojujuba'Xing16'were used to investigate the variations of ten flower traits including flower area,flower number per inflorescence,flower opening time and so on.The mixed major gene plus polygenes inheritance method was employed to study the genetic laws of the flower traits.The result show that the coefficient of variation of the 10 flower characters ranged from 10.34%to 61.15%.There were domi-nant genetic effects on flower diameter,flower area,honey disk diameter,honey disk area and the beginning of flowering.Flower diameter and honey disk diameter were not controlled by a major gene,honey disk area,inflo-rescence flower number and pollen amount were controlled by one pair of additive-dominant major genes,flowerarea and bud time were controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant major genes, flowering related traits werecontrolled by two pairs of additive-dominant major genes, and honey disk proportion was controlled by two pairsof additive-dominant major genes. In jujube hybrid population, heterosis and super parent segregation werecommon, the super parent heterosis tended to male parent. It was found that additive and dominant effects existedsimultaneously, additive effects mostly showed positive effects, while dominant effects were negative effects.The results could provide valuable references for QTL localization of flower traits and the marker assisted breedingin jujube.