苦瓜果实品质的因子分析与综合评价

Factor Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit Quality of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

为了综合评价苦瓜果实品质性状,本研究以50份苦瓜种质资源为试材,对其17个果实品质性状进行变异性、相关性、因子分析和综合评价。结果表明,苦瓜各果实品质性状变异丰富,变异系数为12.29%~75.40%,其中苦味的变异系数最大,瓜形次之,粗纤维含量、蛋白质含量、总皂苷含量较小。通过相关性分析和因子分析,提取出5个特征根>1的公因子(瓜瘤因子,单瓜重因子,瓜色因子,瓜横径因子,功能因子),累计方差贡献率为74.247%,筛选出瓜瘤类型、瓜色、瓜纵径、单瓜重、瓜形和总皂苷含量作为评价苦瓜果实品质的代表性指标。根据前5个公因子得分及其方差贡献率计算各材料综合品质排名,并结合二维排序图,筛选出2、3、5、6、8、9、12、18、20、25、45等11份因子协调最好的优质苦瓜自交系材料。本研究为选育优良苦瓜品种提供了理论依据。

In order to comprehensively evaluate the fruit quality traits of bitter gourd, 17 fruit quality indexes were investigated with 50 high-generation inbred lines in this study. The variation, correlation, factor analysis and comprehensive evaluation of these indexes were executed. The results showed that the fruit quality traits of bitter gourd varied widely, and the coefficient of variation was from 12.29%~75.40%. The variation coefficient of bitter taste was the highest, followed by the shape of melon, and the content of crude fiber, protein and total saponins were lower.There were 5 factors(E value >1) extracted by the correlation analysis and factor analysis, and their cumulative contribution approximated to 74.247%. The pattern of fruit ribbing and warts, fruit color, longitudinal diameter of fruit, weight per fruit and total saponin content were selected as the representative indexes to evaluate the fruit quality of bitter gourd. The comprehensive quality score of all materials were ranked depended on scores and variance contribution rate of the first 5 common factors and two-dimension ordination map. Finally, 11 materials including 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 20, 25 and 45 were selected as high quality inbred lines of bitter gourd. This study provides a theoretical basis for breeding good bitter gourd varieties.