老年人记忆衰退的神经生物学基础研究进展

Research progress in neurobiological basis of memory decline in the elderly

衰老是不可逆的生命过程,伴随衰老个体生理功能逐渐衰减和退化。随着年龄的增长,老年人将经历包括记忆在内的众多认知功能的进行性衰退。老年人记忆衰退通常与脑内细胞生理过程受损相关。能量代谢障碍将直接损伤老年人记忆能力,神经炎症的过度发生及异常代谢物的积累等都将对老年人大脑微环境产生严重的损伤,从而导致记忆衰退。本文从能量代谢、神经炎症等众多与记忆相关的生理过程的角度出发,对近年来有关老年人记忆衰退的神经生物学基础相关研究展开综述与讨论。

Aging is an irreversible life process,and the physiological functions of individuals gradually decline and degenerate with aging.As they age,the elderly experience progressive decline of cognitive functions,including memory.Memory decline in the elderly is often associated with impaired cellular physiological processes in the brain.The energy metabolism disorder exerts direct damage on the memory in the elderly,and the excessive occurrence of neuroinflammation and accumulation of abnormal metabolites seriously damage their brain microenvironment,resulting in the memory decline.From the perspectives of energy metabolism,neuroinflammation and other physiological processes related to memory,this article reviews and discusses research progress in the neurobiological basis of memory decline in the elderly in recent years.