牦牛高原适应研究进展

Advances in Research on Plateau Adaptation of Yak

牦牛广泛分布于海拔3 000~5 000 m的高原地区,是当地畜牧业经济发展的重要畜种。经过长期适应性进化,牦牛在生理结构以及遗传分子方面表现出高原适应性特征。随着组学技术的广泛应用,牦牛高原适应机制得到进一步揭示。本文参考国内外相关报道,对牦牛高原低氧适应的肺、心生理结构和分子机制,高寒环境适应的被毛周期性调控及脂肪沉积代谢的分子机制,抗病分子基础,雌雄牦牛繁殖的生理基础和分子机制相关研究进展进行综述和展望。

The yak is widely distributed in the plateau area with an altitude of 3 000-5 000 m, and is an important animal species for the development of the local animal husbandry economy. After a long-term adaptive evolution, the yak showed high-altitude adaptation characteristics in terms of physiological structure and genetic molecules. With the wide application of omics technology, the plateau adaptation mechanism of the yak has been further revealed. In this paper, the physiological structure and molecular mechanism of lung and heart in high altitude hypoxia adaptation, the periodic regulation of coat and the molecular mechanism of fat deposition and metabolism in cold adaptation, the molecular basis of disease resistance, the physiological basis and molecular mechanism of reproduction in the yak were reviewed and outlook based on relevant reports at home and abroad.