唾液生物标志物诊断全身疾病的研究进展

Developments in Research on Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases

唾液是由口腔腺体分泌产生的重要生物液体,具有多种功能。其为口腔组织提供清洁和保护,免受生物、机械和化学刺激,允许感知味觉和温度,并负责食物的初始消化。唾液的这些功能和性质归因于其中电解质、缓冲剂、蛋白质、糖蛋白和脂质的存在。最新研究发现唾液中的生物标志物与机体病理生理状态密切相关,表明唾液是药物监测和生物标志物筛选的理想生物流体。因此,唾液生物标志物可作为身体监测、定位疾病发生的工具,以实现疾病的早期诊断及对患者全身健康状态的评估。然而,目前唾液生物标志物在全身疾病诊疗过程中的具体应用还不广泛,对其评估标准的确立及机制的探究还不充分。本文就唾液生物标志物诊断全身疾病的最新研究进展作一综述。

Saliva, an important biological fluid secreted by oral glands, serves multiple functions. It performs cleaning and protective functions for oral tissues, safeguarding against biological, mechanical and chemical stimuli, while allowing for the sensory perception of taste and temperature. It is also responsible for the preliminary digestion of food. These functions and properties of saliva are attributed to the presence of electrolytes, buffers, proteins,glycoproteins, and lipids in saliva. Recent studies have found that saliva contains biomarkers that are closely connected with the pathophysiological status of the human body, suggesting that saliva makes an ideal biological fluid for drug monitoring and biomarker screening. Therefore, salivary biomarkers can be used as an instrument for physical monitoring and localization of the occurrence of diseases, thereby accomplishing early diagnosis of diseases and assessment of the overall health status of patients. However, the actual application of salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic diseases is still not widely available, and the establishment of evaluation criteria and the exploration of its mechanism are not sufficiently investigated. Herein, we reviewed the latest research findings on applying the salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis of systemic diseases.