鳙鱼头可食部位的营养成分分析

Analyzing nutrient composition in edible parts of bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)head

为研究鳙鱼头的食用价值并扩大其产品开发,选取鳙鱼头的鳃边肉、鱼脸肉、鱼脑3个组织部位,分别测定基本营养成分、矿物质、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成,分析鳙鱼头这三部位营养成分的差异。结果显示:鳙鱼头可食部分基本成分对比,蛋白质含量:鳃边肉>鱼脸肉>鱼脑,脂肪含量:鳃边肉<鱼脸肉<鱼脑。鳙鱼头3个可食部位相比,鳃边肉中钾、磷、钙、锌元素含量均较高;鱼脑中各矿物元素的含量都比较低。鳙鱼脸肉和鱼脑中检出26种脂肪酸,鳃边肉中检出25种脂肪酸;鳙鱼头可食用部分的n-3/n-6值分别为1.80、1.83、1.86,符合中国营养学会推荐的理想比值。鳙鱼头的第一限制氨基酸是色氨酸,第二限制氨基酸是蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)值为75.48,可作为蛋白质来源使用。结果表明:鳙鱼头营养丰富、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成合理,是优质的食物来源。

The basic nutrient composition,minerals,amino acids and fatty acids of the gill edge meat,fish face meat and fish brain of bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)head were determined,and the differences of the nutrients in the three parts of bighead carp head were analyzed to study the edible value of bighead carp head and expand the development of its product.The results of comparing the basic nutrient composition of the edible part of bighead carp head showed that the content of protein was in the decreasing order of gill edge meat>fish face meat>fish brain,and the content of fat was in the increasing order of gill edge meat<fish face meat<fish brain.Compared with the three edible parts of the bighead carp head,the content of potassium,phosphorus,calcium and zinc in the gill meat was higher.The content of various min⁃erals in the fish brain was relatively low.Twenty-six kinds of fatty acids were detected in the meat of fish face and brain of bighead carp,and 25 kinds of fatty acids were detected in gill edge meat.The value of n-6/n-3 in edible parts of bighead carp head was 1.80,1.83 and 1.86,in line with the ideal ratio recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society.The first limiting amino acid is tryptophan,the second limiting amino ac⁃id is methionine+cysteine.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)of bighead carp head is 75.48,which can be used as a source of protein.It is indicated that bighead carp head is a high-quality food source with rich nutrition,reasonable composition of amino acids and fatty acids.