4BZ-800型荸荠收获机设计与试验

Design and test of 4BZ-800 water chestnut harvester

针对荸荠(Eleocharis dulcis)收获劳动强度大和可应用于实际生产的收获机具匮乏的问题,结合荸荠种植田土壤条件和现有人工收获方式,设计了一种应用于带水收获的自走式荸荠收获机。该机由行走系统、传动系统、旋转扰动装置、提升分离装置、收集装置等组成,整机传动系统分为液压传动部分和机械传动部分,液压传动部分为收获机行走系统和挖掘收获装置提供动力,可实现机具行走速度控制、挖掘收获装置高度调节、旋转扰动装置转速控制、提升分离装置转速控制,机械传动部分可为各级旋转扰动辊及提升分离装置间提供稳定的转速差,保障收获过程顺利进行。三级旋转扰动辊构成旋转扰动装置,实现对土壤和水分的充分扰动混合;齿形挖掘铲和升运链构成提升分离装置,完成荸荠果实的挖掘、果土分离、升运工作。田间试验结果显示,该机可一次性完成荸荠的挖掘、果土分离、升运、收集等工作,试验条件下该型荸荠收获机田间道路最大行驶速度为0.97m/s,田间差速转向最小转向半径为2.1 m,原地转向半径为1.3 m,最大爬坡角度为24.2°,果实挖净率为53.19%,损伤率4.21%。

Combined with the soil conditions of water chestnut planting field and the existing manual harvesting methods,a self-propelled water chestnut harvester for harvesting with water was designed to solve the problem of the high labor intensity of water chestnut harvesting and the lack of harvesting machines that can be used in practical production.The machine is composed of walking system,transmission system,rotating disturbance device,lifting and separation device,collection device,etc.It can conduct the excavation of water chestnuts,separation of fruit and soil,lifting and collection of water chestnut and other work at one time.The transmission system of the whole machine is divided into hydraulic transmission part and mechanical transmission part.The hydraulic transmission part provides power for the walking system of the harvester and the digging and harvesting device,which can realize the walking speed control of machines,the height adjustment of the digging and harvesting device,the speed control of the rotating disturbance device and the speed control of the lifting and separation device.The mechanical transmission part provides a stable speed difference between the rotating disturbance rollers at all levels and the lifting and separation device to ensure the smooth progress of the harvesting process.The three-stage rotating disturbance roller forms a rotating disturbance device to realize the full disturbance and mixing of soil and water.The toothed digging shovel and lifting chain form a lifting and separation device to perform the excavation of water chestnut fruits,the separation of fruit and soil and lifting of water chestnut fruits.The performance of the track chassis of this type of water chestnut harvester was analyzed theoretically.The results showed that the theoretical minimum steering radius of chassis differential steering,the theoretical steering radius of in-situ steering,the theoretical value of the uphill limit overturning angle,and the theoretical value of the downhill limit overturning angle was 1.5 m,1.0 m,55.63°and 55.08°,respectively.It is indicated that the machine has small turning radius and large ultimate overturning angle,which is very suitable for the working environment of water chestnut planting field.The results of the field trial showed that the maximum driving speed of this type of water chestnut harvester on the field road,the minimum steering radius of differential steering the in-situ steering radius,the maximum climbing angle,the fruit digging rate,and the damage rate under the experiment conditions is 0.97 m/s,2.1 m,1.3 m,24.2°,53.19%,and 4.21%,which can meet the performance requirements of water chestnut mechanized harvesting to a certain extent.