自贸区设立的经济效应:基于要素流动和经济增长的分析

The Economic Effects of the Establishment of Pilot Free Trade Zones:An Analysis Based on Factor Flow and Economic Growth

中国自由贸易试验区是扩大开放的重要载体,承担着制度创新的重任。基于此,本文从要素流动和经济增长视角实证探究自由贸易试验区制度创新引起的经济效应。研究发现:自由贸易试验区对所在地GDP增长率、传统要素及创新要素的流动水平具有显著促进作用,且该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。具体来看,上海、广东和福建的自贸区都显著提高了所在地的GDP增长率,广东、福建和天津的自贸区对传统要素和创新要素的流动都起到显著促进作用;福建自贸区对经济增长的促进效应随时间增长呈现倒U型态势,天津自贸区对GDP增长率的作用并不明显,上海自贸区仅促进了创新要素流动,对传统要素流动促进作用不明显。

The China’s Pilot Free Trade Zones(FTZS) are important carriers of greater openness and bear the burden of institutional innovation. Based on this, this paper empirically explores the economic effects caused by institutional innovation in pilot free trade zones from the perspective of factor flow and economic growth. It is found that the establishment of free trade zones has a significant promoting effect on the local GDP growth rate, the flow level of traditional factors and the flow level of innovative factors, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. Specifically, on the one hand, free trade zones in Shanghai, Guangdong and Fujian all significantly increased the local GDP growth rates, free trade zones in Guangdong, Fujian and Tianjin has significantly promoted the flow of traditional factors and innovative factors;on the other hand, the promoting effect of Fujian free trade zones on economic growth showed an inverted U-shaped trend over time, Tianjin Free Trade Zone on the GDP growth rate is not obvious, Shanghai Free Trade Zone only promoted the flow of innovative factors, but had no obvious effect on the flow of traditional factors.