论文学在地理学研究中的价值——以法国地理学家对文学的研究为例

Values of Literature in Geographical Research:A Case Study of French Geographers’Study of Literature

20世纪70年代起,法国地理学家对文学的研究预示了法国文学地理学的兴起,为后来的“地理批评”和“地理诗学”派开辟了道路。本文以法国地理学家对文学的研究为例,揭示文学在地理学研究中的价值。文学的价值首先是它的见证功能,作家的地理描绘,对一个区域社会结构的认识为地理学家提供了参考。有些地理学家认为文学的价值不在于描写的准确度,而在于作家是否能抓住一个地区的个性。还有地理学家为虚构正名,认为只有在梦幻和无意识中,地理现实的心理原型才会显现。其次,地理学家关注文学话语本身,揭示了文学叙事和语言的地理特性,叙事和语言通过对地理的模拟,呈现和地理相同的结构和形态。最后,地理学家用文学反观地理学话语,揭示地理学可能有的“文学性”。对“文学性”的关注是地理学在走向科学化的过程中对本学科的反思,文学重新将地理学带回对人和日常生活的关注,弥合了地理学和大众的鸿沟。

Since the 1970 s,French geographers’studies of literature have heralded the rise of geographical approaches to literature in France,paving the way for the later schools of“geographical criticism”and“geographic poetics”.This article takes French geographers’research on literature as an example,in order to reveal the value of literature in geographical research.The first value lies in its function of witnessing.Writers’geographical description and their perception of the social structure of a region provide references for geographers.Some geographers believe that the value of literature lies not in the accuracy of description,but in the writer’s ability to capture the characteristic of a region.There are also geographers who justify fiction,arguing that it is only in dreams and the unconscious that the psychological archetypes of a geographical reality emerge.Secondly,geographers pay attention to literary discourse,and reveal geographical characteristics of literary narrative and language,which,by imitating geography,present the same structures and forms as the latter.Finally,through literature,geographers reflect on geographical discourse and search the possible“literariness”of geography.The interest in“literariness”shows the self-reflection of geography in its process of scientification.Literature brings geography back to people and daily life,bridging the gap between geography and the public.