延边地区松茸中重金属及有害元素含量分析及健康风险评估

Content Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Toxic Elements in Tricholoma Matsutake in Yanbian

对延边地区12批松茸样品中重金属及有害元素铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)进行测定,并对松茸药食两用健康风险进行评估。方法:松茸样品制备采用微波消解法,测定采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,健康风险评估方法分别采用“中药有害物质限量制定指导原则”中的重金属及有害元素最大限量法和靶标危害系数法。结果:铅、砷在0~20 ng/mL,镉在0~10 ng/mL,铜0~500 ng/mL,汞0~5 ng/mL范围内与各自CPS比值呈良好的线性关系,r均为0.9999,精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均<5%,平均加样回收率结果:铅、砷、镉、汞、铜的平均回收率分别为98.62%、97.12%、96.04%、87.88%、98.85%,RSD分别为1.99%、2.52%、2.34%、4.69%、0.97%。12批松茸样品中铅、砷、镉、铜、汞的平均值分别为0.83、0.42、0.89、31.28、0.075 mg/kg。通过重金属及有害元素最大限量法计算L镉为1.06 mg/kg, L铜为596.17 mg/kg。松茸中5种重金属的成人和儿童的THQ总值为0.066860,CR总值为0.057148。结论:12批松茸重金属及有害元素最大限量理论值进行风险评结果为铜的测定值虽然超过限度值,仍然处于低风险,不会威胁健康。THQ总值均高于标准值,表明以上5种有害元素对暴露人群存在一定的健康危害,THQ主要危害来源于As,其次是Cd和Cu。成人和儿童的CR总值均低于阈值,松茸不存在潜在的致癌影响。

Heavy metals and toxic elements Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cu were determined in 12 batches of Tricholoma matsutake samples in Yanbian, moreover, the health risk of Tricholoma matsutake was evaluated.Methods: The samples of Tricholoma matsutake were prepared by microwave digestion and determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),The health risk assessment methods were the maximum limit method of heavy metals and toxic elements in“Guideline for Formulation of the Limit of toxic Residue of Traditional Chinese Medicine”and target hazard quotients(THO).Results: The liner ranges of Pb, As, Cd, Cu, Hg were 0~20 ng/mL,0~20 ng/mL,0~10 ng/mL,0~500 ng/mL,0~5 ng/mL(all 0.9999),respectively.RSDs of precision, stability and reproducibility test were all lower 5%.The average Recoveries of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cu in Tricholoma matsutake were 98.62 %(RSD=1.99%)、97.12%(RSD=2.52%)、96.04%(RSD=2.34 %)、87.88%(RSD=4.69%)、98.85%(RSD=0.97 %). The average of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cu in Tricholoma matsutake were 0.83、0.42、0.89、31.28、0.075 mg/kg.The calculation of maximum limit method of heavy metals and toxic elements were LCd=1.06mg/kg, LCu=596.17mg/kg.The total value of THQ and CR in Tricholoma matsutake were 0.066860,0.057148.Conclusions: Although the measured value of Cu exceeds the limit value, it is still at low risk and does not threaten health.The total value of THQ is higher than the standard value, which indicates that the above five toxic elements have certain health hazards to the exposed population. The main hazard of THQ comes from As, followed by Cd and Cu. The CR values of adults and children were lower than the threshold, and Tricholoma matsutake had no potential carcinogenic effect.