略论前弘期尼泊尔工匠在卫藏地区的活动及其影响

A Discussion of the Activities and Influence of Nepalese Craftsmen inÜ-Tsang Area of Tibet during the 7-9th Century

通过阅读早期重要藏文历史文献资料,梳理因政治需求、地利之便而建立起来的尼泊尔民族与吐蕃之间的特殊关系,继而分析吐蕃时期尼泊尔工匠在藏地的活动情况。研究发现历来不善记录艺人行踪的藏史学家让尼泊尔工匠的身影在史料的字里行间处处显现,同时从藏传佛教美术的大量早期遗存可见当时四面八方的佛教艺人涌入藏地。但是史书频频记载尼泊尔工匠的足迹,以致后期本土传统学者把藏传佛教绘画的风格发展源头衔接到尼泊尔佛教绘画风格之下,这些现象足以见证前弘期尼泊尔工匠在佛教文化初期传入藏地所起的重要作用,以及尼泊尔艺术对藏传佛教艺术的巨大影响。

After reading some important ancient Tibetan historical documents,the article elaborates the special re⁃lationship between Nepaland the Tubo(ancient Tibet),which was established due to the political demands then and their geographical advantages,and analyzes the activities of the Nepalesecraftsmen in Tibet during the Tubo period.It is found that the Tibetan historians,who normally seldom recorded theactivities of craftsmen,wrote a lot about the Nepalese craftsmen in the Tibetan historical materials.Moreover,many remains of the ancient Tibet⁃an Buddhist artworks can reveal the history ofthe influx of Buddhist artisans from all directions into Tibet.For the reason that the Nepalese craftsmen are frequently recorded in the Tibetan historical books,the Tibetan schol⁃ars of the later periods would link the source of the Tibetan Buddhist painting style to Nepalese one.Thus,it can be conclude that the Nepalese craftsmen played an important role during the special period,when Buddhist cul⁃ture was first introduced to Tibet,and made a great influence of the Nepalese art on the Tibetan Buddhist art.