论迭部藏族“垛”(gto)节中的歌舞音乐与文化内涵

On the Singing and Dancing Music Performed During the"Do Festival"Celebrated in Tebo Tibetan area and its Cultural Connotation

藏族民间音乐种类繁多、内容丰富、形式多样、风格独特,特别是藏族歌舞音乐一直是藏族民间音乐艺术中最具代表性的体裁和形式。居住在青藏高原东部边缘的甘南迭部藏族,在漫长的历史进程中,用自己的智慧和勤奋创造并传续了很多传统的民间歌舞,其中格尔巴、玛、夏琼等是迭部藏族特有的歌、舞、乐三位一体的乐舞艺术形式,是“垛”节民俗仪式活动中最重要的歌舞音乐形式,至今仍在迭部民间流传。这些歌舞艺术依附于独特的本土民间仪式,有着特殊的使用场合与功用,并蕴含着丰富的文化内涵,体现着独特的迭部歌舞艺术的魅力以及特定的文化意义。文章以迭部“垛”节中的歌舞音乐,格尔巴、玛、祭山神舞以及其他民间音乐为研究对象,较为深入地阐述其歌舞音乐艺术特征及文化内涵。

The Tibetan folk music has a great variety of types,and is rich in content,diverse in form and unique in style,especially the Tibetan singing and dancing music,which has always been the most representative genre and form in Tibetan folk music.The Tibetan people,who live in Tebo(the-po),Gannan,on the eastern edge of the Qin⁃ghai-Tibet Plateau,have created and passed on many traditional folk songs and dances with their wisdom and diligence in the long historical process.Among them,Gelba,Ma,Shachong,etc.are the unique art formof Tebo Tibetan people,which are the trinity of songs,dances and music and the most important singing and dancing mu⁃sic performed during the"Do(gto)festival",a folk ritual ceremony.Even nowadays it is still very popular among Tebo people.The singing and dancing musicis attached to the unique local folk ritual,hasits special usage occa⁃sions and functions,contains rich cultural connotations reflecting the unique charm of Tebo singing and dancing music and specific cultural significance.This article takes the singing and dancing music in Tebo's"Do festival",Gelba,Ma,the dances performed while worshiping the God of Mountains God and some other folk music as the research object,and expounds the artistic characteristics and cultural connotation of the specific singing and dancing music.