黄河流域工业用水效率提升策略研究

Study on Promotion Strategy of Industrial Water Use Efficiency in Yellow River Basin

黄河流域水资源紧缺、流域内用水需求增长与空间失衡的矛盾制约了流域高质量发展,全面提升黄河流域用水效率是推动-黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的重要举措。采用Super SBM模型计算2005—2019年各省及地级市工业用水效率,并利用地理加权回归(GWR)模型对地区发展水平、产业结构合理化程度、工业废水排放等影响因素进行分析,结果表明:对工业用水效率影响最大的是人均GDP,其次是研发经费占比、工业用水重复利用率、工业增加值占比、工业用水量占比、水资源总量等;用水效率低等水平且水资源缺乏地区应加强水权交易市场建设;用水效率中等水平地区应以降低废水排放量为主,加大工业废水处理设施的建设力度,提高工业用水的重复利用率;用水效率高等水平地区应严格实行区域环境容量和浓度管控,加大淘汰落后产能力度,大力发展循环经济,促进工业绿色发展。

During present major regional strategy implementation, water scarcity and spatial imbalances conflicts with increasing industrialwater use demand restrict the high⁃quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Improvement of economic benefit and precaution of the wa⁃ter pollution are effective initiatives for the ecological protection and high⁃quality development of the Yellow River Basin. This paper calculat⁃ed the industrial water use efficiency from 2005 to 2019 at provincial and city level by Super⁃SBM model, and then used GWR model to ana⁃lyze emphatically the spatial heterogeneity of influence of natural factors and socio⁃economic factors on industrial water use efficiency. The re⁃sults show that: the greatest influence factors are GDP per capita, followed by R&D ratio, industrial water recycling rate, industrial value⁃added ratio, and industrial water consumption rate. Based on the analysis of different regional development level, rationalization of industrialstructure and industrial wastewater discharge, this paper put forward the promotion strategy of industrial water use efficiency at provincial andcities level.