基于生态功能区划的黄土高原生境质量演变及模拟

Spatial⁃Temporal Evolution and Simulation of Multi⁃Factor Landscape Pattern andHabitat Quality on the Loess Plateau Based on Ecological Zoning

黄土高原是中国“两屏三带”生态安全格局的重要组成部分。基于1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、-2020年土地利用数据,运用InVEST模型、CA Markov模型分析黄土高原生境质量时空演变特征,并探讨自然因素、人类活动及多因素景观格局对生境质量的影响。结果表明:黄土高原生境质量指数整体较好,生境质量指数均值为0.6051~0.6117,生境质量在空间上呈现高高聚集、低低聚集的两极集聚特征;生态保护情景下2030年黄土高原生境质量将明显上升,城市发展情景下2030年生境将退化严重,按生态保护情景发展,黄土高原农业与草原生态区、太行山山地落叶阔叶林生态区、秦巴山地北部边缘落叶与常绿阔叶林生态区生境质量将提升;从不同影响因素看,人口密度是各生态区生境破碎化的主要驱动因子。

The Loess Plateau is an important part of the ecological security pattern of “two screens and three belts” in China. Based on theland use data of 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020, InVEST model and CA⁃Markov model were used to analyze the spatial⁃temporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality on the Loess Plateau, and to explore the effects of natural factors, human activities andmulti⁃factor landscape patterns on habitat quality. The result shows that the overall habitat quality of the Loess Plateau is better, with themean value of habitat quality ranging from 0.605 1 to 0.611 7. The spatial distribution of habitat quality is showing a bi⁃polar clustering char⁃acteristic of “High⁃High” agglomeration and “Low⁃Low” agglomeration. The habitat quality of the Loess Plateau will increase significantly in2030 under the ecological protection scenario. Under the urban development scenario, the habitat will be seriously degraded by 2030. Accord⁃ing to the ecological protection scenario development, the agricultural and grassland ecological area of the loess Plateau, the Taihang Moun⁃tain deciduous broad⁃leaved forest ecological area, the Qinling⁃Daba Mountain northern edge deciduous and evergreen broad⁃leaved forest ec⁃ological area habitat quality will be improved. From the perspective of different influencing factors, population density is the main driving fac⁃tor for habitat fragmentation in each ecological region.