水电站叠梁门进水口水力特性数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Stop⁃Log Gates Intake of Hydropower Stations

为研究水电站叠梁门分层取水进水口水力特性,探讨叠梁门运行、布设方案,以某实际工程为例,采用三维水动力数学模型,对不同叠梁门开启工况下的流速分布及水头损失等水力特性开展模拟研究。结果表明:随着叠梁门层数的增加,门顶过流空间不断压缩,加剧了进水口水流的紊乱程度,导致进水口处涡旋的发生;水头损失则随着叠梁门层数的增加先急剧增大再缓慢增大。同时,结合库区垂向水温分布特征,在垂向温差较小的季节,可以选择较少叠梁门层数引水以减少水头损失;在垂向温差较大的季节,可根据目标水温灵活选择叠梁门层数。

In order to investigate the hydraulic characteristics and optimal operation schemes of the intake of hydropower stations, a 3D nu⁃merical model was built to study the velocity distribution, head loss and other hydraulic behaviors. The results show that with the increase ofthe layer numberof the stop log gates, the flow space at the top of the stop log gates is continuously compressed, which intensifies the turbu⁃lence of the water inlet, leading to the occurrence of vortex at the inlet. The growth of the head loss increases sharply in the early stage andthen slows down with the increase of the layer number of the stop log gates. Combined with vertical water temperature distribution in the reser⁃voir area, in the season when the vertical temperature difference is small, a lower layer number of the stop log gates is recommended to re⁃duce head loss, while in the season with large vertical temperature difference, the layer number of the stop log gates can be reasonably select⁃ed according to requirements to meet the performance objectives for temperature. These results provide a reference and guide for engineeringdesign of stratified water intake.