啮齿类实验动物脾病理变化观察与分析

Observation and Analysis of Pathological Changes of Spleen in Rodent Laboratory Animal Pathological Examination

目的 对2020年10月北京市实验动物抽检中存在的脾病理变化进行观察,并对病变出现的可能原因进行分析,为后续实验动物送检及饲养管理提供合理建议。方法 动物经安乐死后,取其脾,制成切片后进行HE染色,利用光学显微镜进行病理学观察并作出诊断。结果 在抽检的360只啮齿类动物(包括170只小鼠、80只大鼠、100只豚鼠以及10只地鼠)中,来自不同机构的10只SPF级ICR小鼠和10只SPF级SD大鼠出现了白髓细胞减少、红髓髓外造血增加、巨噬细胞增加等病理变化。结论 抽检中所出现的脾病变可能与实验动物的年龄、实验动物长期接触某种毒性物质、自身免疫缺陷、感染或其他部位发生肿瘤相关。所以,在进行实验动物质量抽检时,应尽量避免送检幼龄或老龄动物,同时进一步完善饲养管理制度,确保实验动物健康。

Objective In order to provide suggestions for future laboratory animal inspection and feeding, we observed the pathological changes of spleen in rodent laboratory animals in Beijing in October 2020, and analyzed the possible causes of pathological changes.Method After euthanasia, the spleens of the animals were taken and sectioned for HE staining. Pathological observation and diagnosis were made by light microscope.Result A total of 360 rodents(including 170 mice, 80 rats, 100 guinea pigs and 10 hamsters) were tested. Among them, 10 SPF ICR mice and 10 SPF SD rats from different institutions showed pathological changes, such as the decrease of white pulp cells, the increase of extramedullary hematopoiesis and macrophages of red pulp, and so on.Conclusion The pathological changes of spleen in sampling examination may be related to the age of laboratory animals, long-term exposure to certain toxic substances, autoimmune deficiency, infection or tumors. Therefore, in the sampling inspection of the quality of laboratory animals, institutions should avoid sending young or old animals for inspection, and at the same time further improve the feeding and management system to ensure the health of laboratory animals.