西宁市回族居民与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养现况及其影响因素对比

Comparison between Hui and Han Residents in Xining in Health Literacy of Cancer Prevention and Treatment and Its Influencing Factors

目的:了解西宁市回族与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养现况并分析其影响因素。方法:采用横断面调查方法,于2021年6~8月以西宁市5个社区卫生服务中心为调查现场,按照1∶2的比例分别选取245名回族居民与490名汉族居民。收集调查对象的基本情况、肿瘤预防意识、早发现意识、早诊断意识、早治疗意识以及对肿瘤防治知识的需求等内容,问卷总得分≥80%定义为具有肿瘤防治健康素养。采用χ2检验比较汉族与回族居民的肿瘤防治健康素养水平差异,多因素Logistic回归模型分析回族与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养的影响因素。结果:西宁市回族居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平低于汉族居民(58.3%vs 66.6%,P <0.05)。回族居民的早发现、早诊断以及肿瘤防治知识需求意识均低于汉族居民(P <0.05)。性别是回族与汉族居民肿瘤防治健康素养的共同影响因素,年龄、职业、患癌风险自评是回族居民健康素养的影响因素,文化程度是汉族居民健康素养的影响因素。结论:西宁市回族居民肿瘤防治健康素养水平低于汉族居民,其早发现、早诊断及肿瘤防治知识需求意识有待提高。应强化肿瘤防治重点内容健康教育,加强低文化水平人群健康教育。

Objective : To investigate the health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment in Hui and Han residents in Xining,and analyze its influencing factors. Methods : A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 community health centers in Xining from June 2021 to August 2021. 245 Hui residents and 490 Han residents were selected with the ratio of 1∶2. Basic information, awareness of tumor prevention, awareness of early detection,awareness of early diagnosis, awareness of early treatment, and the needs for knowledge of tumor prevention and treatment were collected, with the questionnaire score of not less than 80% as acceptable health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment. The chi-square test was used to compare the difference between Han and Hui residents in health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment. The influencing factors of the health literacy were analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression model. Results : The health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment among Hui residents in Xining was poorer than that among Han residents(58.3% vs 66.6%, P < 0.05). Hui residents’ awareness of early detection and early diagnosis of cancer, and needs for knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment were lower than those of Han residents(P < 0.05). Gender was an influencing factor of health literacy in all residents. Age, occupation and cancer risk self-assessment were influencing factors of Hui residents’ health literacy, and education level was the influencing factor of Han residents’ health literacy. Conclusion : The health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment in Hui residents in Xining is poorer than that in Han residents, and it is necessary to improve their awareness of early detection and early diagnosis, and their motivation for knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. We should strengthen the health education on cancer prevention and control, especially for the low education population.