魏晋南北朝时期“中国”认同探赜

A Study on the Identity of “China” during Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝时期的“中国”认同是在先秦、秦汉时期“中国”认同基础上发展而来的,却又有着这一时期的独特之处。十六国时期,入主中原的五胡视自己为“炎黄子孙”,袭用“中原”即“中国”“九州”即“中国”的理念,开始自称“中国”。由此出现了少数民族政权从承认东晋“正统”,到纷纷自称“中国”“中国正统”的现象。至北魏统一北方,自称“中国”“中国正统”,宋齐梁陈割据南方,北魏二分为东魏、西魏,继之者北齐、北周占据北方,隋灭陈,终结了魏晋南北朝以来的分裂割据“中国”认同多样化局面。

Identity of “China” in the period of Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties was developed on the basis of that in the pre-Qin,Qin and Han Dynasties,but it had the unique characteristics of this period.During the period of the Sixteen States,the Five Hu entered the central plains and called themselves “the Descendants of Yandi and Huangdi”,and then started to claim to be “China” by adopting the concepts of “Central Plains” as “China” and “Jiuzhou” as “China”.From then on,the ethnic minority regimes started to call themselves “China” and “ Orthodox China” rather than regarding Eastern Jin Dynasty as “the Orthodox”.When Northern Wei Dynasty unified the north,the Dynasties of Song,Qi,Liang,and Chen ruled the south,Northern Wei Dynasty started to call himself “China” and “Orthodox China”.Later,the Northern Wei was divided into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei,and then were respectively occupied by the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou.Finally,Sui Dynasty defeated Chen,and ended the diversified identity of China since the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties.