儿童性别对父母性别角色态度的影响--基于CGSS 2017的实证分析

The Influence of Children's Gender on Parents'Attitudes to Gender Role--An Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS 2017

利用2017年中国综合社会调查数据(CGSS),基于暴露理论和利益理论检证头胎儿童性别对父母性别角色态度的影响,运用广义精确匹配方法进行稳健性检验。研究发现:儿童性别对父母的性别角色态度存在显著影响,与头胎男孩相比,头胎女孩会令父母的性别角色态度趋于平等;同时,儿童性别对父母性别角色态度的影响存在异质性,与头胎男孩相比,头胎女孩仅能提升父亲性别角色态度的平等程度。上述发现表明:政府应扭转出生性别比的失衡状况、消除女性在职场和社会中面临的结构性劣势、促进儿童保育的性别分工走向平等化,从而提升民众的性别平等观念。

Using the data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2017,this paper analyzes the influence of first-born children's gender on parents'attitudes to gender role based on exposure theory and interest theory and uses a censored exact matching to conduct a robustness test.It is concluded that children's gender has a significant influence on parents'attitudes to gender role.Compared with first-born boys,first-born girls make their parents'attitudes more egalitarian.The influence is heterogeneous.Compared with first-born boys,first-born girls can only improve the degree of egalitarianism of fathers'attitudes.The conclusion shows that government should reverse the imbalance of the sex ratio at birth,eliminate the structural disadvantages women face in workplace and society,and promote the equalization of the gender division of labor in childcare,thereby promoting the public gender egalitarianism.