宽窄行模式下不同行距对烤烟上部叶生长及质量的影响

Effects of Different Row Spacings on Growth and Quality of Upper Leaves of Flue-Cured Tobacco under Wide-Narrow Row Pattern

为明确宽窄行模式下不同行距对烤烟上部叶生长及质量的影响,本试验以NC102为供试品种,分别设T1(宽行120 cm,窄行100 cm)、T2(宽行130 cm,窄行90 cm)、T3(宽行140 cm,窄行80 cm)3个处理,以传统等行距种植为对照(CK,行距110 cm),研究其对上部叶农艺性状、光合及成熟特性、碳氮代谢、烤后烟叶化学成分、感官评吸质量及经济性状的影响。结果表明:宽窄行模式下不同行距显著影响烤烟上部叶生长发育。与等行距种植相比,T2处理行距配置叶长宽比降低8.76%,叶面积增加13.11%,可显著促进上部叶开片,同时降低烟叶净光合速率及SOD、POD、CAT和NR酶活性,增加上部叶α淀粉酶、β淀粉酶、总淀粉酶及NI活性。上部烟叶烤后分析结果表明,T2处理较对照烟碱含量降低18.42%,可溶性总糖含量提高6.10%,糖碱比升高33.92%,感官质量总分提升4.31%,烟叶产量、产值分别提高10.79%、18.25%,故宽行130 cm、窄行90 cm行距种植对促进烤烟上部叶生长发育和改善烟叶质量的效果最优。

In order to clarify the effects of different row spacings on growth and quality of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco under the wide-narrow row pattern, NC102 was used as the experimental variety, and three treatments of T1(120-cm wide row, 100-cm narrow row), T2(130-cm wide row, 90-cm narrow row) and T3(140-cm wide row, 80-cm narrow row) were set with the traditional equal row spacing as the control(CK, 110-cm row spacing). The agronomic traits, photosynthetic and maturity characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco leaves, sensory evaluation quality and economic traits of upper leaves were analyzed. The results showed that different row spacing significantly affected the growth and development of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco under wide-narrow row pattern. Compared with CK, the leaf length-width ratio of T2 treatment decreased by 8.76%, and the leaf area increased by 13.11%, which could significantly promote the opening of upper leaves, reduce the net photosynthetic rate and the activities of SOD, POD, CAT and NR, and increase the activities of α amylase, β amylase, total amylase and NI in upper leaves. The analysis results of flue-cured upper leaves showed that the nicotine content of T2 treatment decreased by 18.42%, the total soluble sugar content increased by 6.10%, the sugar-alkali ratio increased by 33.92%, the total score of sensory quality increased by 4.31%, and the yield and output value increased by 10.79% and 18.25%, respectively compared with CK. Therefore, the planting pattern with 130-cm wide row and 90-cm narrow row had the best effects on promoting the growth and development of upper leaves and improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.