水肥调控模式对滨海盐碱地水肥盐迁移及春玉米水肥利用率的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer regulation modes on water fertilizer and utilization efficiency of spring maize in coastal saline-alkali land

为了探明滨海盐碱地不同灌溉方式及氮肥施用量对水肥盐迁移过程及作物生长的影响,基于大田试验,研究不同灌溉方式及灌水量(F:漫灌,360 mm;D1:滴灌,360 mm;D2:滴灌,288 mm;D3:滴灌,216 mm)、氮肥处理(N1:280 kg/hm^(2);N2:196 kg/hm^(2);N3:112 kg/hm^(2))对盐碱地土壤水肥盐分布含量及对春玉米各生长指标的影响.结果表明,在滴灌模式下,同一灌水量,N1的剖面平均含水量最低,D1和D2出现洗盐点,存在适合作物生长的浅盐区;灌水后D1N1的硝态氮含量增加最显著且含量最高,滴灌处理对应的低氮处理无明显硝态氮积累点,相同灌水量下,漫灌的有效氮含量均高于滴灌,但其有效氮利用率低于滴灌处理;不同施氮对春玉米干物质的差异随灌水量增加而增加.各处理水分利用效率与肥料偏生产力之间产生明显差异,高水低氮肥料偏生产力明显提高,但其水分利用效率低下,D1N1产量最高;在考虑作物产量及水肥利用效率时,采用滴灌方式,则灌水量288~360 mm、施氮量196 kg/hm^(2)为推荐水肥措施.

In order to explore the effects of different irrigation methods and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on water,fertilizer and salt migration process and crop growth in coastal saline-alkali land,based on the field experiments,the effects of different irrigation methods and irrigation amounts(F:flood irrigation,360 mm;D1:drip irrigation,360 mm;D2:drip irrigation,288 mm;D3:drip irrigation,216 mm),and nitrogen fertilizer treatment(N1:280 kg/hm^(2),N2:196 kg/hm^(2),N3:112 kg/hm^(2))on soil water,fertilizer and salt distribution in saline-alkali land and growth indexes of spring maize.The results show that under the drip irrigation mode,the average water content of profile N1 is the lowest,the salt washing point appears in D1 and D2 treatment and there is a shallow salt area sui-table for crop growth.After irrigation,the nitrate content of D1N1 increase most significantly and the content is the highest.There is no obvious nitrate accumulation point in the low nitrogen treatment corresponding to drip irrigation treatment.Under the same irrigation amount,the effective nitrogen content of flood irrigation treatment is higher than that of drip irrigation,but its effective nitrogen utilization rate is lower than that of drip irrigation treatment.The difference of dry matter of spring maize under different nitrogen application increase with the increase of irrigation.There are significant differences between water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity in each treatment.The partial productivity of high water and low nitrogen fertilizer is improved significantly,but its water use efficiency is low,and the yield of D1N1 is the highest.Considering crop yield and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency,drip irrigation is adopted.The irrigation amount is between 288-360 mm and the nitrogen application amount is 196 kg/hm^(2).