新型网络犯罪多元防治体系构建之思考

Ponder over the Establishment of a Diversified Cybercrime Prevention System

新型网络犯罪已成为我国当前主流犯罪之一,其所具备的手段多样化、主体复杂化、模式链条化及跨地域性等特征导致单纯依靠一国政府部门进行犯罪防治,治理效能已明显不足。在司法实践层面,存在电子证据提取困难、法律适用意见不一以及跨区域、跨部门协作有待加强等现实困境。在国际合作层面,存在国际规则碎片化、国别立场区域化以及国际刑事司法合作有限等现实障碍。在治理模式层面,存在公力模式局限性、私力模式有限性以及公私合作模式矛盾性等现实挑战。这些防治新型网络犯罪的现状客观上都要求从国际、国家、社会三个不同维度实现国内治理和国际合作的深化。因此,应探索构建全方位、多层次的综合治理体系,进一步推动国际合作,注重营造政府部门主导下的多主体共治格局,以强化新型网络犯罪的预防与治理,共同营造清朗网络空间。

At present,the new type of cybercrime has become one of main crimes in China.Such characteristics as diversified means,complicated subjects,chained modes and trans-regions have resulted in the fact that it is difficult to rely solely on one government department to prevent the crime because of ineffective governance.In judicial practice,there are such practical problems as difficulties in collecting E-evidence,different opinions on the application of laws,and cross regional and inter-department cooperation,all of which need to be strengthened.As for international cooperation,there are realistic obstacles such as fragmented international rules,opposition of national positions and legalization of international criminal judicial cooperation.As to governance modes,there are practical challenges such as the limitations of public power modes,limited private power modes and the contradictions between public and private cooperation modes.The current situation of preventing and controlling these new types of cybercrime objectively requires the domestic governance and international cooperation should be deepened from three different dimensions:international,national and social.Accordingly,we should exploringly establish an all-round and multi-level comprehensive governance system,further propel international cooperation,and focus on creating a government-led,multi-subject and joint governance mode so as to strengthen the prevention and governance of new cybercrimes and jointly create a clear cyberspace.