宋高宗初期的驻跸之争与迁还中原的中兴目标

The Dispute over the Issue of Stay Temporarily in the Early Reign of Emperor Song Gaozong and the Reviving Goal of Relocating to the Central Plains

自建炎元年至绍兴八年,宋高宗和大臣们围绕初立、避敌、定居、措置、国是五大主题对驻跸何处展开争论。这些有关驻跸的观点可以归纳为回銮(川陕)派、西幸(汴京)派、南渡(江浙)派、南移(京湖)派。四派大臣皆以迁还中原、重归正朔为中兴目标,派系之间的分歧其实映射出各派大臣对如何迁还中原的思想碰撞。这种碰撞的发生,实质上是南宋对“大一统”观念进行狭隘辩解的结果。南宋正是在南移过程中开始凸显“中国”作为汉地中心的专有性和汉人身份的唯一性,将“大一统”标准由汉唐时期的“天下”重“一”转向服务自身的“中国”重“统”,这种偏执的严防华夷的思维客观上促进了金元“大一统”意识的迅速发展,缩小了南北封建化进程的差距,成为“大一统”内涵蜕变、“中华民族共同体”形式更新的关键。因此,宋高宗初期的驻跸之争是解读“中华民族多元一体格局”理论的一块重要的历史拼图。

the Emperor Gaozong and his ministers debated about where to stay temporarily around five themes of initial establishment,avoiding the enemy,settling down,managing and state affairs.These viewpoints can be summarized as four factions named Huiluan(回銮)(Chuan-Shan),Xixing(西幸)(Bianjing),Nandu(南渡)(Jiang-Zhe)and Nanyi(南移)(Jinghu).The four factions’ministers all regard the relocation to the Central Plains and return to orthodox as the goal of rejuvenation.The differences between the four factions actually reflected the ideological collision of them on how to relocate to the Central Plains.Therefore,the dispute over the issue of stay temporarily during the early reign of Emperor Gaozong in the Southern Song Dynasty is an important historical puzzle to interpret the theory of“pluralistic and integrated pattern of the Chinese nation”.