宁波市海曙区地产蔬菜7种重金属污染特征及健康风险评估

Pollution feature and health risk assessment of 7 kinds of heavy metals in vegetables planted in Haishu District,Ningbo City

目的了解宁波市海曙区地产蔬菜重金属污染特征,评估人群摄入重金属的健康风险。方法采集海曙区地产蔬菜,测定蔬菜中镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、汞(Hg)、铬(Cr)、砷(As)的含量,并对卫生质量、污染程度、摄入量占每日允许量比值、健康风险等进行综合评估。结果共采集根菜类、茎菜类、叶菜类、花菜类、果菜类5大类地产蔬菜679份,重金属检出率排序依次为Cu、Zn、Cd、As、Cr、Hg、Pb,重金属超标率排序依次为Cd、Zn、Cr、As、Hg、Pb,地产蔬菜Cu均未超标。单因子污染指数(P_(i))法评价结果显示,5大类蔬菜Cr为轻污染,茎菜类蔬菜Zn为轻污染,其他均为安全等级或优良等级。内梅罗综合污染指数(P_(M))法评价结果显示,根菜类、花菜类、果菜类蔬菜为警戒级,茎菜类、叶菜类蔬菜为轻污染。5大类蔬菜7种重金属的摄入量占每日允许摄入量比值为0.04%~12.10%,单一目标危害系数(THQ)和总目标危害系数(TTHQ)均<1.0。结论海曙区地产蔬菜存在不同程度的重金属污染,但人群没有显著的健康风险和明显的负面健康影响。

Objective To investigate heavy metal contamination of vegetables planted in Haishu District,Ningbo City,and to assess the health risk to the population after ingestion.Methods Vegetables planted in Haishu District were collected to determine the contents of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Hg,Cr and As,and comprehensively assess the hygienic quality,the pollution degree,the ratio of heavy metal intake amount,and health risk,etc.Results A total of 679 pieces of 5 categories of local vegetables were collected as the samples in this investigation.The detection rate of heavy metal was Cu>Zn>Cd>As>Cr>Hg>Pb.The over standard rate of heavy metal was Cd>Zn>Cr>As>Hg>Pb.Cu was all lower than national standard.By the single factor pollution index method(P_(i)),Cr of 5 categories vegetables was mild pollution,Zn of stem vegetables was mild pollution,and others were all on safety level or good level.By the Nemerow integrated factor pollution index method(P_(M)),the degree of comprehensive pollution of the root vegetables,flower vegetables,fruits vegetables were on the alert level,and the degree pollution of stem vegetables and leaf vegetables was mild.The ratio of 7 kinds of heavy metal intake amount to acceptable daily intake amount was 0.04%~12.10%in 5 categories vegetables.The single Target Hazard Quotient(THQ)value and the total target hazard quotient(TTHQ)value of 7 kinds of heavy metals in 5 categories vegetables were both less than 1.0.Conclusion In general,there is different degrees of pollution in the heavy metal of local vegetables in Haishu District,but there are no significant health risks and obvious negative health effects to the population.