急诊患者的流行病学特点分析

Epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients

目的探讨急诊患者的流行病学特点,为实施合理医疗资源分配提供科学依据。方法将舟山市妇女儿童医院2021年5月—2022年4月收治的3573例急诊患者作为研究对象,对其性别、年龄、就诊科室、就诊时间等分布情况进行分析。结果不同科室急诊患者男女比较,内科患者女性居多,外科男女比例平衡,抢救室患者男性居多,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=421.235,P<0.05);不同年龄组男女比例相比,≤5岁组及>5~13岁组男性患者居多,>17~44岁组女性患者居多,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.514、18.513、558.446,P<0.05);不同月份急诊患者性别、科室及年龄分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=32.657、157.019、F=3.619,P<0.05);患者性别与就诊科室及年龄呈正相关(r=0.053,0.173,P<0.05),患者就诊科室与年龄呈正相关(r=0.141,P<0.05);一天中09:00、14:00及18:00就诊人数较多。结论急诊患者在内科及抢救室就诊例数较多,并且在09:00、14:00及18:00就诊人数较多。因此,应按照患者就诊特点,对医疗资源进行合理分配,从而提高救治效率。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of emergency patients,to provide scientific reference for rational medical resource distribution.Methods A total of 3573 emergency patients in Zhoushan Women and Children’s Hospital from May,2021 to April,2022 were collected as the included subjects,and their gender,age,visiting depatrment and visiting time were analyzed.Results Compared with the proportion of men and women in different departments,there were more women and fewer men in internal medicine,the proportion of men and women in surgery was balanced,and more men and fewer women in the rescue room(χ^(2)=421.235,P<0.05).Compared with the ratio of men and women in different age groups,in≤5-year-old group and the>5~13-year-old group,there was more males than females.In>17~44-year-old group,there were more females than males(χ^(2)=19.514,18.513,558.446,P<0.05).There were differences in gender,department distribution of patients and age who visited the clinic in different months(χ^(2)=32.657,157.019,F=3.619,P<0.05).The sex of patients was positively correlated with department and age(r=0.053,0.173,P<0.05),and the patient’s visiting department was positively correlated with age(r=0.141,P<0.05).On the day,the number of visits to the doctor was relatively large at 09:00,14:00 and 18:00.Conclusion Emergency patients have a large number of visits in internal medicine and emergency rooms,and a large number of visits at 09:00,14:00 and 18:00,so medical resources should be reasonably allocated according to the rules of patient visits,so as to improve the efficiency of treatment.