新冠肺炎疫情对中国农村居民需求满足的冲击、转换与实现

Impact, Transformation and Realization of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Needs of Rural Residents in China

基于马斯洛需求层次理论,结合凯恩斯消费函数与斯拉斯基方程,探析了新冠肺炎疫情背景下中国农村居民需求满足所受到的结构与层次性冲击,并分析了农村居民面对冲击进行需求转化的模式、转化成功实现因素与转化存在的问题。结果显示:疫情冲击下农村居民各层次需求均受到影响,特别是消费需求受制明显;村民需求转换主要以需求降档为形式,以村集体内生排外发展为特征;转换实现主要依靠地缘、血缘熟人社会、村集体基层组织、小农自给与社会资源协助相结合;村民矛盾分化、排斥与歧视并存、收入黏性影响需求转换的质量。最后,提出重大公共事件中保持、稳定农村居民基本生活的路径,以稳定农村的民生、民心,提高农村公共治理需求保障水平。

Based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, combined with Keyns consumption function and Slasky equation, the structural and hierarchical impact on rural residents’ demand satisfaction in the context of COVID-19 was explored, and the mode of demand transformation of rural residents in the face of the impact,the factors for successful transformation and the existing problems in the transformation were analyzed. The results showed that the demand of rural residents at all levels was affected by the pandemic, especially the consumption demand was restrained obviously. The demand transformation of villagers mainly takes the form of demand downgrading and is characterized by the development of internal exclusion of village collectives.The realization of transformation mainly depends on the combination of geography, kinship acquaintance society, village collective grass-roots organization, small-scale farmers’ self-sufficiency and social resources assistance. The quality of demand transformation is affected by villagers’ contradictions and differentiation,exclusion and discrimination, and income stickiness. Finally, the path to maintain and stabilize the basic life of rural residents in major public events was put forward, so as to stabilize people’s livelihood and the people’s sentiment in rural areas, and improve the level of needs guarantee of rural public governance.