2019-2021年青岛市饮水型地方性氟中毒防治效果分析

Effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao from 2019 to 2021

目的评估青岛市饮水型地方性氟中毒防治效果,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法2019-2021年,在青岛市7个饮水型地方性氟中毒病区市(区)的1146个病区村开展全覆盖监测,包括改水降氟工程运转现状、病区村水氟含量以及8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果2019-2021年,青岛市1146个病区村已全部改水,病区村水氟超标率分别为7.16%(82/1146)、1.40%(16/1146)、3.84%(44/1146),年份间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=48.36,P<0.001)。8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为3.11%(803/25856)、2.68%(629/23460)、3.00%(655/21846),年份间比较差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.26,P=0.016)。水氟合格病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率(2.85%,1986/69565)低于水氟超标病区村(6.32%,101/1597),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=67.74,P<0.001)。结论2019-2021年青岛市饮水型地方性氟中毒防治效果显著,儿童氟斑牙检出率较低,且水氟合格病区村氟斑牙检出率明显低于水氟超标病区村。今后应继续加强水氟监测及工程检修,保证水氟含量持续合格,切实降低氟中毒危害。

Objective To evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods From 2019 to 2021,a full coverage surveillance was carried out in 1146 villages in 7 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Qingdao,including the operation status of the water improvement and fluoride reduction project,the water fluoride content in the villages,and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years.Results From 2019 to 2021,all the 1146 affected villages in Qingdao had improved their water supply,and the rates of water fluoride exceeding the standard were 7.16%(82/1146),1.40%(16/1146)and 3.84%(44/1146),respectively,and the differences between years were statistically significant(χ^(2)=48.36,P<0.001).The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years were 3.11%(803/25856),2.68%(629/23460)and 3.00%(655/21846),respectively,and the differences between years were statistically significant(χ^(2)=8.26,P=0.016).The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in villages with qualified water fluoride(2.85%,1986/69565)was lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride(6.32%,101/1597),with a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=67.74,P<0.001).Conclusions From 2019 to 2021,the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao is significant and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children is low,the detection rate of dental fluorosis in villages with qualified water fluoride is significantly lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride.In the future,we should continue to strengthen water fluoride monitoring and engineering maintenance to ensure that the water fluoride content continues to be qualified and effectively reduce the harm of fluorosis.