2011-2020年青海省鼠疫疫情监测结果分析

Surveillance results of the plague in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020

目的分析青海省鼠疫疫情监测结果,掌握青海省鼠疫流行态势,为今后的鼠疫防控工作提供科学依据。方法收集2011-2020年青海省人间鼠疫疫情资料(来自青海省地方病预防控制所人间病例数据库)和动物间鼠疫疫情资料(来自青海省鼠疫监测数据和鼠疫疫源地调查数据),采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析,包括人间鼠疫疫情,动物间鼠疫疫情地区分布,宿主动物、病原学和血清学监测结果等。结果2011-2020年,青海省发生人间鼠疫疫情1起,因剥食旱獭时不慎划伤右手中指感染,自死者的心、肝、肺、淋巴结穿刺液、气管分泌物和咽拭子样本中均分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌。共发生动物间鼠疫疫情16起,流行地区分布在海西州、玉树州和海北州,其中海西州动物间鼠疫流行最多,10年间共发生13起。宿主动物监测显示,主要宿主动物为喜马拉雅旱獭,其平均密度为0.07匹/hm^(2)。病原学监测显示,共分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌31株,其中海西州分离出27株;分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌的宿主动物以喜马拉雅旱獭为主,占总数的77.42%(24/31)。血清学监测显示,共检出鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清66份,其中犬阳性血清最多,为43份;喜马拉雅旱獭次之,为20份。结论2011-2020年青海省动物间鼠疫连年不断,局部地区呈活跃态势,鼠疫防控总体形势严峻。

Objective To analyze the results of plague surveillance in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2020,master the epidemic situation in recent years,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the plague in the future.Methods The human plague epidemic data(from the human case database of Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control)and animal plague epidemic data(from plague monitoring data and plague focus survey data of Qinghai Province)from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods,including human plague epidemic,animal plague epidemic regional distribution,host animal monitoring results,pathogenic monitoring results and serological monitoring results.Results From 2011 to 2020,there was a human plague epidemic in Qinghai Province,which was infected due to the infection of a middle finger of the right hand that was accidentally scratched when peeling marmots,and Yersinia pestis was isolated from heart,liver,lung,lymph node puncture fluid,tracheal secretion and throat swab samples of the deceased.There were 16 animal plague epidemics and endemic areas were distributed in Haixi Prefecture,Yushu Prefecture and Haibei Prefecture,among which the animal plague epidemic was the most prevalent in Haixi Prefecture,with 13 outbreaks in recent 10 years.According to the monitoring of host animals,the main host animal was the Himalayan marmot,with an average density of 0.07/hm^(2).Pathgenic monitoring showed that 31 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated,of which 27 strains were isolated from Haixi Prefecture.The host animals of Yersinia pestis were mainly Himalayan marmot,accounting for 77.42%(24/31)of the total.Serological monitoring showed that 66 plague F1 antibody positive sera were detected,of which 43 were dog positive sera;the Himalayan marmot took the second place,20.Conclusion From 2011 to 2020,the animal plague in Qinghai Province has continued for many years,with some areas showing an active trend,and the overall situation of plague prevention and control is severe.